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Vocabulary Chapter 5
Greece
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Polis | The basic political unit in Greece; City-state. |
| Acropolis | A walled, high area built around a polis. |
| Agora | Marketplace |
| Helots | State slaves |
| Hoplites | Foot soldiers |
| Hubris | Great Pride |
| Democracy | A form of government run by the people. |
| Solon | A lawmaker who revised the harsh laws of Draco, and outlawed debt slavery while encouraging trade in 590s, B.C. |
| Tyrant | A leader who seized power by force, claiming to rule for the good of the people. |
| Direct Democracy | A type of system in which all people vote directly on an issue. |
| Archon | An elected official who served as the chief of state in Athens. |
| Phalanx | A tight rectangle formation in which soldiers held long spears out ahead of a wall of shields. |
| Pericles | A powerful Athenian man who worked with other influential politicians to make Athens more democratic, commissioned the building of the Parthenon, and devised the Athenian strategy of withdrawing inside the city walls during the Peloponnesian War. |
| Socrates | c. 470-399 BC. A major Greek philosopher who sought truths about concepts like truth, justice, and virtue. He thought people learn best by asking questions, and that studying human behavior could lead to improving society and a whole. |
| Plato | c. 428-348 BC. A major Greek philosopher, who thought philosophers were best suited to govern others, and that every material object was only a reflection of a perfect ideal. |
| Aristotle | 384-322 BC. A major Greek philosopher, who was one of the first to use reason and logic to study the natural world. By believing that the greatest good people could contribute was rational thought, he was able to contribute to the development of science. |
| Reason | Clear and ordered thinking. |
| Logic | The process of making inferences. |
| Homer | The writer of what is possibly the most famous of Greek literature, the epic poems the Iliad, and the Odyssey. |
| Lyric poetry | A Greek form of poetry that deals with emotions and desires instead of stories. Named after the lyre, an instrument that was often played in accompaniment with the reading of the poems. |
| Herodotus | The first major writer in the history of Greece, his most famous work being The Histories. |
| Thucydides | A major historian who lived in Athens and wrote about the Peloponnesian War in detail, including primary sources as well as speeches he had heard. |
| Alexander the Great | The son of the Macedonian king Philip II. He led the Macedonian rise to power, Conquering Greece, Persia, Phoenicia, Egypt, Iraq, and much of Central Asia. |
| Hellenistic | Greeklike |
| Euclid | An Egyptian scholar in the Hellenistic period who formulated many of the ideas about geometry that are still in use today. |
| Eratosthenes | An Egyptian scholar in the Hellenistic period who is best known for calculating the size of the Earth. By using careful observations and simple geometry, he came up with a number that was remarkably close to the Earth's actual circumference. |
| Archimedes | An Egyptian scholar in the Hellenistic period who was one of the ancient world's greatest inventors. He invented a pulley that could lift a loaded ship clear out of the water, a mechanical screw for drawing water, and other things to ease peoples lives. |
Created by:
talrak
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