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Renaissance Terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Renaissance | a time when creative thinking and new technology let people comprehend and describe their world more accurately; shift from an agricultural to an uban society |
| The Medici | the richest merchant family of bankers who came to dominate Florence who had branch offices throughout Italy and Europe |
| Leonardo da Vinci | artist whose paintings gripped people with their realism; also had talent in botany,anatomy,optics, music, arcitecture, and engineering |
| Donatello | sculptor who created a life-size statue of a soldier on horseback |
| The Mona Lisa | a portrait by Leonardo da Vinci of a woman whose mysterious smile has baffled viewers |
| Vernacular | everyday language of ordinary people |
| The Prince | a book by Machiavelli that combines his personal experiences of politics with his knowledge of the past to offer a guide to rulers on how to gain anda maintain power |
| Jan van Eyck | a Flemish painter who perfected the technique of oil painting; mostly did portraits and religious subjects |
| patron | someone who financially supports an artist or the arts |
| Raphael | artisst with a sweet and gracious nature; blended Christian and classical styles; best known for tender portrayals of the Madonna |
| David | sculpture of shepherd; Michealangelos: emphasizes David's pride and that he killed Goliath with his own might rather than with God's power Donatello: the sword is too heavy for him to lift and he is very feminime Verrocchio: boastfal& shows bravado |
| The Birth of Venus | a painting by Sandro Botticelli that introduces mythology |
| Machiavelli | served in the governement as a diplomat for fourteen years before becoming a full-time writer and scholar |
| Renaissance Man | well-rounded; master in ever area of study; charming; witty; well-educated in the classics; skilled rider; plays an instrument; wrestler; swordsmen |
| Ghiberti | Italian sculptor who completed the doors for the cathedral of Florence |
| humanism | an intelluctual movement at the heart of the Renaissance that focused on education and on the classics |
| secular | having to do with worldly, rather than religious matters; nonreligious |
| perspective | artistic technique used to give paintings and drawings a three-dimensial effect |
| Michelangelo | didn't have apprentices; divinely inspired to do art; first to sign artwork |
| The Last Supper | by Leonardo da Vinci; depicts the last meal between Jesus and his disciples |
| Sistine Chapel | Papal Chapel cieling painted by Michealangelo that shows the fall of Adam and Eve and God |
| Brunelleschi | architect and engineer; discovered perspective and engineered the dome the Santa Maria del Fiore |
| Renaissance Woman | upper-class; know the classics; charming; cannot seek fame; inspire art but not create it; little influence in politics |
| Florence | a city in the Tuscany region of northern Italy that was the center of the Italian Renaissance |
| Thomas More | a humanist who pressed for social reform and wrote Utopia |
| Utopia | written by Thomas More that describes an ideal society, everyone is educated, and justice is used to end a crime rather than eliminate the criminal |
| William Shakespeare | English poet and playwright who expressed universal themes in everyday, realistic settings |
| Boccaccio | Italian author, poet, and humanist who wrote the Decameron |
| Petrarch | father of humanism; great poet who wrote in Italian and Latin; wrote sonnets about a woman named Laura who died from plague |
| sonnet | 14 line poems |
| Johann Gutenberg | printed the first complete edition of the Bible |
| printing press | allowed printed books to be cheaper and easier to produce which led to more people learning to read |
| indulgence | a pardon that people paid for after committing sins |
| Reformation | a religious upheaval that shattered Christian unity; an attempt to reform the Catholic church that resulted in the creation of Protestant churches |
| Martin Luther | a German monk and a professor of Theology who trigged the Reformation; nailed the 95 Theses onto the door of the Catholic church in protest of the abuse (selling indulgences, etc,) |
| Lutheran | salvation is achieved through faith; only God can erase sin; head of church are elected councils; Bible alone is source of truth; people read and interpret Bible for themselves |
| Prince Frederick | pressed the need for reformation of the Catholic church; one of the most powerful defenders of Lutheranism |
| 95 Theses | enumerated the abuses of the Roman Catholic Church; arguements against indulgences |
| Edict of Worms | assembly of German princes who ordered Luther to give up his writings |
| Wittenberg | city in norther Germany where Luther drew up his 95 Theses |
| Saxony | Prince Frederick was the elector of this place |
| Charles V | summoned Luther to go to the Edict of Worms |
| Johann Tetzel | a priest who sold indulgences; this was Luther's final outrage because it meant poor peasants could not get into heaven |
| Simony | the selling of church offices |
| Lay Investiture | when a person who is not a member of the clergy presents a bishop with a ring and staff that symbolizes their office |
| Protestant | Christian people who protest against the Roman Catholic Church |
| Peace of Augsburg | allowed each Prince to decide which religion-Catholic or Lutheran-would be followed in his lands |
| annul | to declare as invalid |
| Anglican | reformed Catholicism |
| predestination | Calvanist belief that long ago God predetermined who would gain salvation |
| Calvinism (John Calvin) | believe that world is separated into saints and sinners. stressed hard work, discipline,thrift, honesty, and morality.citizens faced fines for sinning |
| Henry VIII | he was anti-protestant until the pope denied his request to annul his marriage in order to marry someone who might give him a male heir. He had only one male heir when he died, despited being married six times |
| Tudors | an English dynasty descended from Henry Tudor |
| Elizabeth I | established the Protestant church as the state religion; unified England, expanded its national powers, and encouraged a period of artistic flowering |
Created by:
SarahHalter
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