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Digest Rev Defs
Digestive System Reverse Defs
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A continuation of the digestive tract responsible for absorption. Consists of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum | Small intestine |
| A flap of tissue covering the trachea, which prevents food and liquids from entering the airway | Epiglottis |
| A flexure of the colon which joins the descending colon and the rectum | Sigmoid colon |
| A lesion of the skin or mucous membrane which frequently develops in the duodenum or stomach | Ulcer |
| A muscular canal which extends from the pharynx to the stomach | Esophagus |
| A sac-like structure in the abdominal cabity, responsible for digestion of food | Stomach |
| A test in which stool samples are collected to determine gastrointestinal bleeding | Occult blood |
| Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen | Ascites |
| Abnormal protrusion of an organ or tissue through the structures that normally contain it | Hernia |
| Absence of hydrochloric acid in the stomach | Achlorhydric |
| Deglutition | Act of swallowing |
| Also called the large intestine; it is divided into four portions and is responsible for absorption and elimination | Colon |
| An artificial opening, in this case, one from the bowel through the abdominal wall | Stoma |
| An organ below the liver which stores and empties bile through its ducts into the small intestine | Gallbladder |
| An organ which uses ducts to provide exocrine secretions to the duodenum to aid in digestion | Pancreas |
| Anastomosis of the esophagus and jejunum | Esophagojejunostomy |
| Applying a substance called guaiac to a stool sample to detect presence of occult bolld in the feces also called Hemoccult | Stool guaiac |
| Backflow of gastric contents into the esophagus due to a malfunction of the sphincter muscle at the inferior portion of the esophagus | Gastroesphageal Reflux Disease (GERD) |
| Backward flowing, as in the return of solids or fluids to the mouth from the stomach | Regurgitation |
| Body mass index of 40 or greater, which is generally 100 or more pounds over ideal body weight | Morbid obesity |
| Cartilaginous tube which extends from the larynx to the bronchial tubes | Trachea |
| Chewing - the first stage of digestion | Mastication |
| Chronic inflammation, usually of the ileum, but possible affecting any protion of the intestinal tract; also called regional enteritis | Crohn Disease |
| Circular band of muscle fibers that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening of the body | Sphincter |
| Control loose stools and relieve diarrhea by absorbing excess water in the bowel or slowing peristalsis in the intestinal tract | Antidiarrheals |
| Control nausea and vomiting by blocking nerve impulses to the vomiting center of the brain | Antiemetics |
| Counteract or neutralize acidity, usually in the stomach | Antacids |
| Creation of an opening of a portion of the colon throught the abdominal wall to its outside surface in orfer to divert fecal flow to a colostomy bag | Colostomy |
| Decrease gastrointestinal spasms by slowing peristalsis and motility throughout the GI tract | Antispasmodics |
| Denotes a gland that secretes its products through excretory ducts to the surface of an organ or tissue or into a vessel | Exocrine |
| Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatograph (ERCP) | Endoscopic procedure that provides a radiographic visualization of the bile and pancreatic ducts to identify paratial or total obstructions, as well as stones, cysts and tuumours |
| Lower GI | Endoscopy of the colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum and anal canal |
| Upper GI | Endoscopy of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum |
| Hepatomegaly | Enlargement of the liver |
| Dyspepsia | Epigastric discomfort felt after eating; also called indigestion |
| Obesity | Excessive accumulation of fat that exceeds the body's skeletal and physical standards, usually an increase of 20 percent or more above ideal body weight |
| Polypectomy | Excision of a polyp |
| Fecalith | Fecal concretion |
| Cecum | First 2-3" of large intestine |
| Ascending colon | First portion of the colon, extending from the cecum to the lower border of the liver |
| Oral leukoplakia | Formation of white spots or patches on the muscous membrane of the tongue, lips or cheek caused primarily by irritation |
| Flatus | Gas in the GI tract, expelling of air from a body orifice, especially the anus |
| Liver Function Tests (LFT) | Group of blood tests that evaluate liver injury, liver function, and conditions often associated iwth the biliary tract |
| Bariatric Surgery | Group of procedures that treat morbid obesity, a condition which arises from severe accumulation of excess weight as fatty tissue, and the resultant health problems |
| Computed tomography | Imaging technique achieved by rotating an x-ray emitter around the area to be scanned and measuring the intensity of transmitted rays from different angles |
| Dysphagia | Inability or difficulty in swallowing; also called aphagia |
| Pyloromyotomy | Incision of the longitudinal and circular muscles of the pylorus; used to treat hypertrophic pyloric stenosis |
| Ulcerative colitis | Inflammation and ulceration of the innermost lining of the colon |
| Diverticulitis | Inflammation of a sac-like bulge that may develop in the wall of the large intestine |
| Appendicitis | Inflammation of the appendix, usually due to obstruction or infection |
| Dysentery | Inflammation of the intestine, especially the colon, that may be caused by ingesting water or food containing chemical irritants, bacteria, protozoa, or parasites, which results in bloody diarrhea |
| Stomatitis | Inflammation of the mouth of the stomach |
| Gastritis | Inflammation of the stomach |
| Anorexia | Lack or loss of appetite, resulting in the inability to eat |
| Rectum | Last portion of the digestive tract which terminates at the anus |
| Ileum | Lower division of the small intestine |
| Bolus | Mass of masticated food ready to be swallowed |
| Serum bilirubin | Measurement of the level of bilirubin in the blood |
| Halitosis | Offensive, or "bad" breath |
| Proctologist | One who specializes in diseases of the colon, rectum and anus |
| Bilirubin | Orange-coloured or yellowish pigment in the bile |
| Hepatitis panel | Panel of blood tests that identify the specific virus- HAV, HBV, HCV -causing hepatitis by testing serum using antibodies to each of these antigens |
| Melena | Passage of dark-coloured, tarry stools, due to the presence of blood altered by intestinal juices |
| Steatorrhea | Passage of fat in large amounts in the feces due to failure to digest and absorb it |
| Pharynx | Passageway for air from the nose to the larynx and for food from the mouth to the esophagus |
| Anorectal | Pertaining to both the anus and the rectum |
| Celiac | Pertaining to the abdomen |
| Buccal | Pertaining to the cheek |
| Lingual | Pertaining to the tongue |
| Cachexia | Physical wasting that includes loss of weight and muscle mass; commonly associated with AIDS and cancer |
| Sialolithiasis | Presence of a stone in the salivary gland |
| Cholelithiasis | Presence or formation of gallstones in the gallbladder or common bile duct |
| Lithotripsy | Procedure for crushing a stone and eliminating its fragments either surgically or using ultrasonic sound waves |
| Nasogastric intubation | Procedure that involves insertion of a nasogastric tube through the nose into the stomach to relieve gastric distention by removing gas, food or gastric secretions; to instill medicaton, food, or fluids; or to obtain a specimen for laboratory analysis |
| Eructation | Producing gas from the stomach, usually with a characteristic sound: also called belching |
| Peristalsis | Progressive wave-like motion which causes the contents of the digestive tract to be forced onward |
| Peristalsis | Progressive wave-like movement that occurs involuntarily in hollow tubes of the body, especially the GI tract |
| Gastrointestinal system | Provides the body with nutrients, electrolytes and water by ingestion, digestion, elimination and absorption |
| Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiography PTCP | Radiographic examination of bile duct structures |
| Barium swallow | Radiographic examination of the esophagus, stomach and small intestine following oral administration of barium sulfate; also called esophogram and upper GI series |
| Barium enema | Radiographic examination of the rectum and colon following enema administration of barium sulfate into the rectum; also called lower GI series |
| Cholecystography | Radiographic images taken of the gallbladder after administration of a contrast material containing iodine, usually in the form of a tablet |
| Liver scan | Radiographic visualization of the liver after injection of a radioactive substance |
| Sialography | Radiologic examination of the salivary glands and ducts |
| Choledocholithotomy | Removal of a gallstone through an incision of the bile duct |
| Biopsy (bx) | Representative tissue sample removed from a body site for microscopic examination, usually to establish a diagnosis |
| Borborygmus | Rumbling or gurgling noises that are audible at a distance and caused by passage of gas through the liquid contents of the intestine |
| Cirrhosis | Scarring and dysfunction of the liver caused by chronic liver disease |
| Jejunum | Second division of the small intestine |
| Transverse colon | Second portion of the colon that passes horizontally across the abdomen toward the spleen |
| Obstipation | Severe constipation; may be caused by an intestinal obstruction |
| Colic | Spasm in any hollow or tubular soft organ especially the colon, accompanied by pain |
| Roux-en-y Gastric Bypass (RGB) | Stomach is first stapled to decrease it to a small pouch. Next, the jejunum is shortened and connected to the small stomach pouch, causing the base of the duodenum leading from the nonfunctioning portion of the stomach to form a Y configuration. |
| Pyloric stenosis | Stricture or narrowing of the pyloric sphincter at the outlet of the stomach, causing an obstruction that blocks the flow of food into the small intestine |
| Ileorectal | Surgical connection of theileum and rectum after total colectomy, as is sometimes performed in the treatment of ulcerative colitis |
| Intestinal | Surgical connection of two portions of the intestines;; also called enteroenterostomy |
| Enterostomy | Surgical formation of an opening from the small intestine through the abdominal wall |
| Anastomosis | Surgical joining of two ducts, vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to another |
| Jejunorrhaphy | Surgical repair of the jejunum |
| Cheiloplasty | Surgical repair of the lip |
| Proctoplasty | Surgical repair or reconstruction of the rectum or colon |
| Aerophagia | Swallowing air |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) | Symptom complex marked by abdominal pain and altered bowel function for which no organic cause can be determined; also called spastic colon |
| Malabsorption | Symptom complex of the small intestine characterized by the impaired passage of nutrients, minerals or fluids through intestinal villi into the blood or lympph |
| Ultrasonography | Test that uses high-frequency sound waves to analyze the reflected echoes from anatomical structures and convert them into an image on a video monitor; also called ultrasound, onography, echo and echogram |
| Stool Culture | Test to identify microorganisms pr parasites present in feces |
| Oropharynx | The central part of the throat between the soft palate and epiglottis |
| Anal sphincter | The constricting muscle at the anus which relaxes to allow passage of stool |
| Enema | The introduction of liquid into the rectum for cleansing the bowel and for stimulating evacuation of the bowels |
| Liver | The largest glandular organ whose functions include: producing bile, removing glucose from the blood and storing vitamins |
| Laryngopharynx | The lower portion of the pharynx which divides into the trachea and esophagus |
| Anus | The outlet of the rectum |
| Absorption | The passage of simple nutrients into the blood stream |
| Diarrhea | The passage of unformed watery bowel movements |
| Nasopharynx | The portion of the throat above the soft palate and behind the nose |
| Digestion | The process by which food is broken down, mechanically and chemically in the digestive tract and converted into an absorbable form that can be used by the body |
| Descending colon | Third continuatin of the colon which joins and forms the sigmoid colon |
| Ingest | To eat |
| Elimination | To remove, get rid of, exclude; also to pass urine from the bladder or stool from the bowel |
| Laxatives | Treat constipation by increasing peristaltic activity in the large intestine or increasing water and electrolyte secretion into the bowel to induce defacation |
| Cholangioma | Tumour of the bile duct or vessel |
| Abdominal | Ultrasound visualization of the abdominal aorta, liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, pancreas, kidneys, ureters and bladder |
| Vertical Banded Gastroplasty | Upper stomach near the esophagus is stapled vertically to reduce it to a small pouch. A band is then inserted that restricts food consumption and delays its passage from the pouch, causing a feeling of fullness |
| Duodenum | Uppermost division of the small intestine; receives secretions to aid in digestion |
| Biopsy | Use of a large-bore needle to remove a core of liver tissue for histological examination |
| Extracorporeal Shockwave | Use of shock waves as a noninvasive method to break up stones in the gallbladder or biliary ducts |
| Endoscopy | Visual examination of a cavity or canal using a flexible fiberoptic instrument called an endoscope |
| Hematemesis | Vomiting of blood from bleeding in the stomach or esophagus |
| Ileostomy | Surgical formation of an opening from the ileum through the abdominal wall |
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