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greece chapter 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| polis | city-state |
| acropolis | a walled, high area surrounding a polis |
| agora | marketplace |
| helots | state slaves |
| hoplites | foot soldiers |
| hubris | great pride |
| Democracy | a government run by the people |
| Solon | Athenian statesman; he introduced the first civil democracy in Greece and created |
| tyrant | a strong man who seized power by force and claimed to rule for the good of the people |
| Cleisthenes | Ancient Greek ruler often called the "father of democracy." He increased the size of the council that governed Athens to 500 |
| direct democracy | the type of governing system where all people vote directly on an issue |
| archon | a chief of state of ancient Athens |
| phalanx | a military formation composed of rows of soldiers standing shoulder to shoulder carrying pikes or heavy spears |
| Pericles | Athenian statesman; he encouraged the spread of democracy in Athens and the growth of the city-state's power |
| Socrates | Greek philosopher of Athens; his teaching style was based on asking questions. He wanted people to question their own beliefs |
| Plato | Greek philosopher; a student of Socrates, he started a school in Athens called the Academy |
| Aristotle | Greek philosopher and student of Plato; he taught that logic was the tool for any necessary inquiry |
| reason | clear and ordered thinking |
| logic | the process of making inferences |
| Homer | Greek poet, he wrote the epic poems the Iliad and the Odyssey, tells stories set during the Trojan War |
| lyric poetry | a type of poetry that gained its name from the lyre, an instrument that played while the poetry was sung |
| Herodotus | Greek historian; his most famous work is The Histories, which describes major events of Persian Wars |
| Thucydides | Greek historian of Athens; he wrote The History of the Peloponnesian |