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GRHS WH1 EARLY CIV
EARLY CIVILIZATION REVIEW CARDS
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| 4 EASTERN RIVER VALLEY CIVILIZATIONS | SUMNER , EGYPT (NILE RIVER VALLEY), INDUS VALLEY, CHINA |
| 4 NOBLE TRUTHS | THE FOUR MAIN IDEAS OF BUDDHISM |
| 10 COMMANDMENTS | THE 10 LAWS GIVEN TO MOSES BY GOD |
| ALEXANDER THE GREAT | KING OF MACEDONIA, CONQUERED THE PERSIAN EMPIRE AND OTHER AREAS |
| ANALECTS | THE WRITINGS OF CONFUCIUS |
| ATHENS | A DEMOCRATIC CITY-STATE IN THE SOUTHEAST OF GREECE |
| AUGUSTUS CAESAR | STRONGEST ROMAN LEADER, HAD A SIMPLE LIFE, VERY RELIGIOUS MAN |
| AXUM | AN AFRICAN EMPIRE, WAS A NAVAL AND TRADING POWER, CHRISTIANITY BECAME THE KINGDOM'S RELIGION |
| AZTEC | AN EMPIRE BUILT IN MEXICO, HAD A MILITARISTIC SOCIETY, DEVELOPED COMPLEX MATH & CALENDAR SYSTEMS |
| BUDDHISM | A RELIGION THAT BEGAN IN IDIA THAT TEACHES PEOPLE HOW TO ESCAPE LIFE'S PROBLEMS; FOUNDED BY SIDDHARTHA GUATAUMA |
| CASTE SYSTEM | FOUR CLASSES OF PEOPLE STARTED IN INDIA WITH UNTOUCHABLES EVEN BELOW ALL THE CASTE |
| CHRISTIANITY | A RELIGION BASED ON JUDAISM AND JESUS TEACHINGS |
| CODE OF HAMMURABI | THE FIRST GROUP OF LAWS FOR SUMERIANS; DIFFERENT PUNISHMENTS FOR RICH AND POOR PEOPLE & MEN AND WOMEN |
| CONFUCIANISM | A PHILOSOPHY BASED ON THE TEACHINGS OF CONFUCIUS |
| CONSTANTINE | ROMAN EMPIRE WHO BECAME A CHRISTIAN AND STOPPED CHRISTIAN PERSECUTION |
| CYRUS | PERSIAN KING THAT BELIEVE IN TOLERANCE AND SPREAD THE PERSIAN EMPIRE |
| DIRECT DEMOCRACY | A GOVT. WHERE THE CITIZENS RULE DIRECTLY RATHER THAN THROUGH REPRESENTATIVES |
| DYNASTY | RULERS FROM THE SAME FAMILY |
| EQUATOR | THE LATITUDE LINE AROUND THE MIDDLE OF THE EARTH |
| FIVE PILLARS | DUTIES MUSLIMS MUST CARRY OUT (FAITH, PRAYER, ALMS, FASTING AND PILGRIMAGE) |
| GHANA | A WEST AFRICAN EMPIRE FROM 800 A.D. TO 1076 A.D.; WHOSE KINGS CONVERTED TO ISLAM |
| GOLD-SALT TRADE | GOLD AND SALT WERE THE TWO MOST IMPORTANT ITEMS TRADED IN THE W.AFRICAN KINGDOMS. GOLD CAME FROM SOUTH SALT CAME FROM THE SAHARA DESERT. |
| GREAT SCHISM | THE SPLIT BETWEEN THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH IN THE WEST AND THE ORTHODOX CHURCH IN THE EAST |
| GREAT ZIMBABWE | A SOUTH AFRICAN KINGDOM FROM 1000 A.D. TO 1450 A.D.; TRADED GOLD |
| HERODOTUS | FAMOUS GREEK HISTORIAN |
| HINDUISM | A RELIGION THAT BEGAN IN INDIA THAT BELIEVES IN MANY GODS AND KARMA DECIDES A PERSON'S FATE |
| INCA | AN EMPIRE BUILT IN THE ANDES MOUNTAINS; THEY BUILT MAJOR ROAD SYSTEMS; BUILT MACCU PICCHU |
| JIHAD | A war or struggle against unbelievers within the Islam faith |
| JUDAISM | THE RELIGION OF THE JEWISH PEOPLE |
| JULIUS CAESAR | ROMAN LEADER WHO RULED AS AN ABSOLUTE RULER |
| JUSTINIAN'S CODE | THE BODY OF ROMAN CIVIL LAW COLLECTED AND ORGANIZED BY EMPEROR JUSTINIAN |
| KARMA | THE BELIEF THAT ALL GOOD AND BAD THINGS DONE BY A PERSON WILL DETERMINE HIS/HER FATE |
| MALI | A WEST AFRICAN EMPIRE FROM 1235 A.D. TO 1353 A.D.; TRADED GOLD AND WAS FIRST LED BY SUNDIATA |
| MANDATE OF HEAVEN | RULERS GET THEIR POWER FROM GOD |
| MAYA | AN EMPIRE BUILT ON THE YUCATAN PENINSULA IN MEXICO; HAD A WRITTEN LANGUAGE; DEVELOPED COMPLEX MATHEMATICAL AND CALENDAR SYSTEMS |
| MECCA | A CITY IN ARABIA; THE BIRTHPLACE OF MUHAMMAD |
| MOKSA | STATE OF UNDERSTANDING OF ALL THINGS RELEASED REBIRTH IN HINDUISM |
| MONOTHEISM | THE BELIEF IN A SINGLE GOD |
| MUHAMMAD | A RELIGIOUS, POLITICAL AND MILITARY LEADER FOUNDER OF ISLAM |
| NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION | (NEW STONE AGE) PEOPLE'S SHIFT FROM FOOD GATHERING TO FOOD PRODUCING |
| NIRVANA | THE END OF PAIN AND SUFFERING STATE OF ENLIGHTENMENT - IN THE BUDDHIST RELIGION |
| OLIGARCHY | A GOVERNMENT RULES BY ONLY A FEW PEOPLE |
| PATRICIANS | PEOPLE IN THE WEALTHY UPPER CLASS IN ANCIENT ROME |
| PAX ROMANA | TIME OF PEACE AND PROSPERITY IN THE ROMAN EMPIRE |
| PELOPONNESIAN WAR | A WAR FROM 431 TO 404 B.C. WHERE ATHENS WAS DEFEATED BY SPARTA |
| PERSIAN WAR | A SERIES OF WARS IN 5TH CENTURY B.C. WHEN GREEK CITY STATES FOUGHT THE PERSIAN EMPIRE |
| PLEBEIAN | IN ANCIENT ROME ONE OF THE COMMON FARMERS, ARTISANS AND MERCHANTS WHO MADE UP THE MAJORITY OF THE POPULATION |
| POPE | THE BISHOP OF ROME AND HEAD OF THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH |
| PRIME MERIDIAN | THE LONGITUDE LINE AROUND THE MIDDLE OF THE EARTH (0 DEGREES) |
| PUNIC WARS | ROME AND CARTHAGE FOUGHT THREE WARS FROM 264 TO 146 B.C. THAT ENDED WHEN ROME DESTROYED CARTHAGE |
| REINCARNATION | REBIRTH; AN INDIVIDUAL SPIRIT IS BORN AGAIN AND AGAIN |
| REPRESENTATIVE DEMOCRACY | A GOVERNMENT RAN BY ELECTED OFFICIALS |
| SAMURAI | ONE OF THE PROFESSIONAL WARRIORS WHO SERVED THE JAPANESE LORDS AND WOULD FIGHT TO DEATH |
| SHI HUANGDI | FIRST EMPEROR IN A CHINESE KINGDOM, TRIED TO UNITE CHINA |
| SHI'A | A MUSLIM GROUP THAT BELIEVES THE CALIPH SHOULD BE A RELATIVE OF MUHAMMAD |
| SHINTO | THE NATIVE RELIGION OF JAPAN |
| SHOGUN | SUPREME MILITARY COMMANDER WHO RULED IN THE NAME OF THE EMPEROR |
| SIDDHARTHA GAUTAMA | FOUNDER OF BUDDHISM; BORN INTO A NOBLE FAMILY |
| SILK ROAD | ROUTES ACROSS CENTRAL ASIA, ALONG WHICH TRADERS CARRIED SILK AND OTHER GOODS |
| SOCRATES | GREEK PHILOSOPHER FAMOUS FOR ASKING QUESTIONS TO FIND ANSWERS |
| SONGHAI | A WEST AFRICAN EMPIRE FROM 1400 A.D. TO 1591 A.D. |
| SPARTA | A MILITARY CITY-STATE IN SOUTHERN GREECE |
| ST. CYRIL | A MISSIONARY IN THE 9TH CENTURY WHO INVENTED AN ALPHABET FR THE SLAVIC LANGUAGE |
| SUMERIANS | FIRST GROUP OF PEOPLE TO CREATE CIVILIZATION |
| SUNNI | A MUSLIM GROUP THAT ACCEPTS THE RULE OF OTHER CALIPHS |
| TAOISM | ALSO CALLED DAOISM, ANCIENT CHINESE PHILOSOPHY AND RELIGION, LAOZI BEGAN TAOISM |
| TROJAN WAR | IN 1200 B.C. THE MYCENAEAN KINGS FOUGHT A 10 YR WAR AGAINST TROY, A CITY IN ANATOLIA |
| VIRGIL | A ROMAN POET WHO WROTE AENEID |
Created by:
Ronchima
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