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WH: ENLIGHTENMENT
World History: Ch 20 Enlightenment and Revolution
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| James I's son, who believed in Divine Right of Kings and was executed by his subjects | CHARLES I |
| document presented to Charles I by Parliament; it guaranteed ancient liberties | PETITION OF RIGHT |
| political alliance between the King of England, Anglicans, Roman Catholics and nobles | ROYALISTS (CAVALIERS) |
| political alliance between Parliament, Puritans, non-Anglican Protestants | ROUNDHEADS |
| leader of the Roundheads; established the Protectorate in England after execution of Charles I | OLIVER CROMWELL |
| title given to Oliver Cromwell | LORD PROTECTOR |
| first written constitution of any European nation | INSTRUMENT OF GOVERNMENT |
| form of government that Cromwell established in England | COMMONWEALTH |
| time period from 1642 (the beginning of the English Civil War) to the Restoration of the monarchy in 1660 | ENGLISH REVOLUTION |
| time period when English monarchy was restored and English culture reborn | RESTORATION |
| the bloodless transfer of power in England when William and Mary come to the throne | GLORIOUS REVOLUTION |
| "outlaw"; political party in Parliament comprised of Anglicans who believed in hereditary monarchy | TORIES |
| "horse thief"; political party in Parliament that wanted a strong Parliament and opposed a Catholic ruler | WHIGS |
| English philosopher who wrote Leviathan; believed in social contract wherein the individual exchanges rights for group safety; believed in absolute power | THOMAS HOBBES |
| English philosopher who wrote Two Treatises of Government; believed in a social contract that would not limit individual freedoms : life, liberty, property; no absolute power | JOHN LOCKE |
| law passed by Parliament that protected individuals against unfair arrest and imprisonment | HABEAS CORPUS ACT |
| English Bill of Rights | Declaration of Rights |
| English law that guaranteed religious freedom | TOLERATION ACT |
| advisors to the monarch who were leaders of Parliament | CABINET |
| the first Prime Minister of England | SIR ROBERT WALPOLE |
| documents that comprise the English Constitution | MAGNA CARTA;PETITION OF RIGHTS;HABEAS CORPUS ACT;BILL OF RIGHTS;ACT OF SETTLEMENT |
| English traders, explorers and pirates during Elizabeth I's reign | SEA DOGS |
| Sea Dog who was first Englishman to sail around the globe | SIR FRANCIS DRAKE |
| company that was an extension of the British government; it established colonial trading posts in Asia | BRITISH EAST INDIA COMPANY |
| reason English explorers went to North America | NORTHWEST PASSAGE |
| first permanent English settlement in North America (1607) | JAMESTOWN, VA |
| ship that brought the Puritans to Plymouth, MA in 1620 | MAYFLOWER |
| economic belief that colonies exist for the economic benefit of the home country; colonies supply raw materials and are market for finished goods | MERCANTILISM |
| Enlightenment philosopher whose philosophy included the idea of separation of powers and a system of checks and balances | MONTESQUIEU |
| Enlightenment philosopher who felt the republic was the ideal form of government | ROUSSEAU |
| Enlightenment philosopher who supported women’s rights | WOLLSTONECRAFT |
| Enlightenment philosopher who said “I (may) disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it.”(freedom of speech); also freedom of religion | VOLTAIRE |
| Enlightenment philosopher who edited/published The Encyclopedia | DIDEROT |
| Belief in truth by logical thinking | RATIONALISM |
| Exclusion of religious concepts from philosophical or moral system; basis for concept of separation of church and state | SECULARISM |
| Philosophers and critics of society during the Enlightenment | PHILOSOPHE |
| A collection of articles and essays that described the ideas of the Enlightenment | ENCYCLOPEDIA |
| Seven Years War in Europe | FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR |
| Treaty that ended the French and Indian War; England controlled much of North America as a result of the war | TREATY OF PARIS 1763 |
| Tax on sugar and other commodities imported to the English colonies | SUGAR ACT |
| Tax on wills and other legal documents in the English colonies | STAMP ACT |
| King of England at the time of the American Revolution | GEORGE III |
| North American colonists who resisted British taxation and felt the colonies should declare independence | PATRIOTS |
| North American colonists who wanted to remain loyal to Britain; Tories | LOYALISTS |
| Rebellion by American colonists against the British East India Company receiving a monopoly on tea shipped to the colonies | BOSTON TEA PARTY |
| England’s response in 1774 to American rebellion, such as the Boston Tea Party | INTOLERABLE ACTS |
| Gathering in Philadelphia of delegates from 12 of the 13 colonies; sent demands to Parliament | FIRST CONTINENTAL CONGRESS |
| Gathering of delegates who wrote and signed Declaration of Independence | SECOND CONTINENTAL CONGRESS |
| Location of “The shot heard ‘round the world” | LEXINGTON & CONCORD |
| Document created at the Second Continental Congress, written by Thomas Jefferson, that stated the intentions and demands of the American colonists; based on the philosophy of John Locke | DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE |
| Wrote the Declaration of Independence | THOMAS JEFFERSON |
| Commander of the patriot forces | GEORGE WASHINGTON |
| Final battle of the American Revolution where Cornwall (British) surrendered | YORKTOWN |
| Treaty that settled the American Revolution | TREATY OF PARIS (1783) |
| Branch of government that enforces the law | EXECUTIVE |
| Branch of government that creates the law | LEGISLATIVE |
| Branch of government that interprets the law | JUDICIAL |
| Chief American negotiator at the Treaty of Paris (1783) | BENJAMIN FRANKLIN |
| Delegates’ first attempt at a plan of government | ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION |
| a time period that included Philosophes, secularism, rationalism | ENLIGHTENMENT |
| First 10 Amendments of the US Constitution; ratified in 1791 | BILL OF RIGHTS |
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