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Chapter7:Ethnicity
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Religion | a system of beliefs and practices that attempts to order life in terms of culturally perceived ultimate priorities |
| Secularism | where religion is, at least in its organized form, becomes less significant in the lives of most people |
| Monotheistic Religions | A religion that worships one deity, a God or Allah |
| Polytheistic Religions | A religion that worships more the one deity, even a thousand |
| Animistic Religions | religions centered on the belief that inanimate objects, such as mountains, rivers and trees, posses spirits and should therefore be revered |
| Universalizing Religions | religions that actively seek coverts because they view themselves as offering belief systems of universal appropriation |
| caste systems | Indian society and system that locks people into particular social classes and imposes many restrictions, especially in the lowest of the castes, the Untouchables |
| Buddhism | Religion found in sixth century B.C and characterized by the belief that enlightenment would come through knowledge;especially self-knowledge; elimination of greed, craving, and desire; complete honesty & never hurting another person or animal |
| Shintoism | An ethnic religion in Japan that focuses particularly on nature and ancestor worship |
| Taoism | Religion believed to be founded by Lao-Tsu and based on his book Tao-Te-Ching or "Book of the Way" |
| Feng-Shui | The art and science of organizing living spaces in order to channel the life forces that exist in nature in formidable ways |
| Confucianism | A philosophy of ethics, education, and public service based on the writings of Confucius and traditionally thought of as one of the core elements of Chinese Culture |
| Diaspora | term that now signifies the spatial distribution of members of any ethnic group |
| Zionism | Belief in the idea of a homeland for the Jews and the Jews should not be absorbed into other other societies |
| Christianity | Religion based on the teachings of Jesus |
| Roman Catholic Church | One of the three major branches in Christianity |
| Protestant | Third major branch of Christianity |
| Islam | Youngest of major world religions, Islam is based on the teachings of Muhammad |
| Sunni | Great Majority of Muslims |
| Sh'ite | Muslim minority that is concentrated in Iran |
| Shamanism | A community faith in which people follow their shaman- religious leader, teacher, healer and visionary |
| Pilgrimage | when adherents voluntarily travel to a religious site to pay respects or participate in a ritual at that site |
| Sacred Sites | places or spaces people infuse with religious meaning |
| minarets | Towers attached to a Muslim mosque, having one or more projecting balconies from which a crier calls Muslims to prayer |
| hajj | the Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca, the birthplace of Muhammad |
| intrafaith boundaries | Boundaries within a single major faith |
| interfaith boundaries | boundaries between the world's major faiths |
| genocide | attempts to destroy a certain ethnic group |
| ethnic cleansing | term used to describe the ouster of Bosnian Muslims and others from their homes and lands- & sometimes their slaughter |
| activity space | The space within which daily activity occurs |
| religious fundamentalism | Religious movement whose objectives are to return to the foundation of the faith and to influence state policy |
| religious extremism | Religious fundamentalism carried to the point of violence |
| jihad | Islamic holy war |
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