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APWH Chapter 16
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Internally, how was Christianity divided? | Divided between the Roman Catholics and the Eastern Orthodox |
| Where were the Roman Catholics located? | Western and Central Europe |
| Where were the Eastern Orthodox located? | Eastern Europe and Russia |
| Christianity was on the defensive against? | An expansive Islam |
| Muslims had ousted Christian Crusaders from their toeholds in the Holy Land by when, and with the Ottoman seizure of? | 1300, Constantinople in 1453 |
| During the Ottoman seizure, they had captured? | the prestigious capital of Eastern Orthodoxy |
| By 1529, the Muslim Ottomans had advanced into the heart of? With the siege of? | Central Europe, Vienna |
| Who started the Protestant Reformation? | A German priest, Martin Luther |
| What act, launched the Protestant Reformation? | Martin Luther posted a document known as the Ninety-five Theses |
| Where did Luther post the document? | On the door of the Roman Catholic Church in Wittenburg |
| One of the issues of the Roman Catholic Church in which people were critical, is the way the popes lives were. How was the popes' lives? | luxurious |
| People had issues with the clergy; why? | some of the clergy were corrupt and immoral |
| Another issue the people had with the Church, was the Church' selling of? | Indulgences |
| Who believed that salvation came through faith alone? | Martin Luther |
| What did Martin Luther think, that had no bearing on the eternal destiny of your soul? | Good works nor sacraments of the Church |
| What did Martin Luther think the source of authority was for Christianity? | the bible, not the teachings of the Church |
| The schism within the Church, gave some princes and kings? | Justification for their own independence from the Church, and had an opportunity to gain taxes and land previously held by the Church |
| The schism within the Church, provided the urban middle class what? | a new religious legitimacy for their growing role in society |
| The reformation teachings did not offer women a greater role in society, but instead? | ended the female saints, and the male Christ figure became the sole object of worship |
| The reading of the bible stimulated women's education through? | literacy, but had little opportunity to use their education outside of the home and family |
| The Reformation spread, thanks to? | The invention of the printing press |
| Where did the Reformation spread? | France, Switzerland, England, and elsewhere |
| The reformation splintered into various churches including? | Lutheran, Calvinist, Anglican, Quaker,and Anabaptist |
| The Thirty Years' War was between whom? | Protestants and Catholics |
| Who won the Thirty Years' War? | Protestants |
| What were French Protestants called? | Huguenots |
| What were Jesuits? | elite Catholic missionaries, well trained, and educated |
| Who issued the Edict of Nantes in 1598? | The French monarch, Henry IV |
| What did the Edict of Nantes grant? | Granted a substantial measure of religious toleration to French Protestants, hoping they would return to the Catholic Church, not very successful |
| What did the Thirty Years' War bring about? | violence, famine, and disease |
| What percent of the German population perished during the Thirty Years' War? | 15-30 percent |
| What ended the Thirty Years' War? | The Peace of Westphalia (1648) |
| What else did the Peace of Westphalia bring about, besides the end of the conflict? | Reshuffled some boundaries and an agreement that each state was sovereign, authorized to control their own state |
| What did the Peace of Westphalia do to the Catholics? | caused the unity of a Catholic Europe to forever be broken |
| What group of people helped motivate European imperial expansion and also benefited from it? | Christians |
| The Spanish and Portuguese viewed their movement overseas as a continuation of what? | a long crusading tradition |
| What did colonial settlers take ans sought to replicate in their newly conquered homelands? | brought faith, and sought to replicate it |
| Who actively spread the Christian message far beyond European communities? | Catholic missionaries |
| Portuguese missionaries took the lead in? | Africa and Asia |
| What missionaries were most prominent in the Americas? | French and Spanish |
| What missionaries accommodated expansion of the Russian Empire by ministering to Russian settlers and trappers across Siberia? | Missionaries of the Russian Orthodox Church |
| One of the reasons for the missionaries success in Spanish America and in the Philippines, is because their efforts were strengthened by? | A European presence experienced as military conquest, colonial settlement, missionary activity, forced labor, social disruption, and disease |
| One factor for the missionaries success in Spanish America and in the Philippines was due to the absence of what? | A literate world religion in these two regions |
| What is one reason why missionary efforts in China were so much less successful in China than in Spanish America was? | China was more timid and was at no time threatened by European missionaries, Spanish America , however, had been defeated and disrupted. |
| Spanish missionaries in a colonial setting, sought to convert masses while in China, the Jesuits done what? | Just took a deliberate aim at the official Chinese elite |
| Who gained little help from the missionaries? | The Chinese |
| What supplied most of the Chinese with their spiritual needs? | Buddhism, Daoism,, and Chinese gods and spirits |
| In the New World Africanized versions of Christianity emerged such as? | Santeria and Vodou |
| What did the Africanized versions of Christianity feature? | drumming, ritual dancing, animal sacrifice, and spirit possession |
| Ho w did Europeans perceive the Africanized versions of Christianity? | viewed them as evidence of sorcery or witchcraft and attempted to suppress them |
Created by:
1213brookisaacs
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