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Neurology
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Impaired consciousness implies damage to | 1. brainstem reticular formation 2. bilateral thalami or 3. bilateral cerebral hemispheres |
If immediate recall is intact, but patient has difficulty after 1-5 minute delay, what structures may be damaged? | limbic structures in the medial temporal lobe and medial diencephalon |
What is apraxia | inability to execute a motor command that is not due to a primary motor deficit or language impairement |
What is the grading for a normal deep tendon reflex? | 2+ is normal, 3+ is brisk |
What are the spinal nerve roots involved: 1. abdominal cutaneous reflex above umbilical 2. Cremasteric 3. Bulbocavernosus 4. Anal wink | 1. T8-T10 2. L1-L2 3. S2-S4 4. S2-S4 |
Where is the cerebellar lesion: 1. Dysmetria on finger-nose-finger test or heel-shin test 2. Unsteady gait | 1. appendicular ataxia from lesion of cerebellar hemisphere 2. cerebellar vermis |
What brain lesion results in bilateral small but responsive pupils | pontine lesions |
How do you test brainstem dysfunction in a comatose patient? | 1. doll's eyes indicate dysfunction 2. Calorics (COWS indicates intact brainstem) |
1. What is Lhermette's sign? 2. What condition is it seen? | 1. bending head forward elicits sharp pain 2. Arnold-Chiari |