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Chapter 16 Part I

Protestants, Catholics, and the Scientific Revolution

QuestionAnswer
How was Christianity originally divided? Between the Roman Catholics and the Eastern Orthodox.
Where were the Roman Catholics located at? Western and Central Europe.
Where was the Eastern Orthodox Church located at? Eastern Europe and Russia.
Constantinople? Former Byzantine and Eastern Orthodox capital.
When did the Ottomans seize Constantinople? 1453.
Why was Christianity on the defensive? Because of the spreading of Islam.
When was the Protestant Reformation launched? 1517.
Martin Luther was from where? Germany.
What act launched the Protestant Reformation? The nailing of the Ninety-five Theses to the door of a church in Wittenberg.
What was a reason for the criticism of the Catholic Church? The Church's selling of indulgences.
From where did Martin Luther believe salvation could be found? In faith alone.
Where was the source of authority, according to Martin Luther? The Bible alone.
What did Martin Luther's beliefs call into question? The special position of the clerical hierarchy, and even the pope.
What did some kings and princes gain because of the schism within the Catholic Church? Their independence from the Church, and lands and taxes held by the Church.
When did the common people use the schism to express their opposition to the social order? In a series of revolts in the 1520s.
What stimulated education in literacy for women? The want to read the Bible.
Did the Protestant teachings offer women more or less freedoms? Less. The veneration for all female saints ended, and the alternative to marriage for women was opposed.
Where did Reformation thinking spread to? France, Switzerland, England, etc.
What churches did Protestantism split into? Lutheran, Calvinist, Anglican, Quaker, and Anabaptist to name some.
What invention helped Reformation ideas spread? The printing press.
How did the religious schism affect the urban middle classes? It provided them with a new religious legitimacy for their growing role in social order.
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