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Ancient India
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Hinduism | India's first major religion that developed out of Vedism and Brahmanism |
| dharma | one of the basic beliefs of Hinduism that stands for law, obligation, and duty |
| Brahman | in Hinduism, the one supreme power, or divine force, that everything is a part of. |
| karma | in Hinduism, the belief that how a person lives will affect their next life |
| samsara | in Hinduism, the belief in a continuous cycle of birth, death, and rebirth (reincarnation) |
| Vedas | a collection of Hindu sacred writings; part of an ancient Aryan religion that developed later into Hinduism |
| Sanskrit | an ancient language of India |
| Brahmanism | an ancient Indian religion in which the Brahmins (priests and religious scholars) are the dominant class; an ancestor of Hinduism |
| caste | a class, or group, in Hindu society; improved only through achieving enough good karma to be reincarnated into a higher class |
| reincarnation | the belief that a person's soul is reborn into a new body after death |
| Buddhism | a religion of India begun by Prince Siddhartha, or Buddha; based on the Four Noble Truths and the Eight Fold Path |
| Buddha | a man originally named Siddhartha Gautama who lived in India from about 563 to 483 BC and began the religion of Buddhism |
| Siddhartha Gautama | Indian prince who became the Buddha by reaching enlightenment and taught others how to achieve enlightenment thus beginning the religion of Buddhism |
| Ashoka | an Indian king who used Buddhist values to unify India from about 269 to 232 BC |
| Mauryan Empire | an empire that flourished in India from about 322 to 187 BC |
| Gupta Empire | an empire that flourished in India from about 320 to 550 AD; a golden age of India |