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Human Diseases
Chap1 & 4 Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What held back early medical advancement? | superstition |
| Who described how blood circulates thru the body? | William Harvey |
| Who discovered pasteurization? | Louis Pasteur |
| Who discovered the smallpox vaccine? | Edward Jenner |
| Who is the father of modern surgery? | John Hunter |
| Who discovered the concept of antisepsis and that washing surgeon's hands and instruments were imperative in surgical outcomes? | Joseph Lister |
| Who established the first nursing school? | Florence Nightingale |
| Who established the Red Cross? | Clara Barton |
| What is the difference between a disease and illness? | Disease can be medically classified & has distinguishing features. Illness describes the condition of a person symptoms, and is not classified. |
| List some predisposing factors for a disease: | heredity, age, gender, environment, lifesytle |
| All genetic information is contained in what? | DNA |
| What is the basic unit of heredity? | A gene |
| What type of gene is expressed only when the gene pair is homozygous? | Recessive |
| A neoplasm that remains circumscribed and considered to be noncancerous is what? | benign |
| A neoplasm that has ill-defined borders, spreads and is considered to be cancerous is what? | malignant |
| What occurs when the body's immune system is inappropriate? | An allergy |
| When the immune system is misdirected and turns on itself, it is called what? | autoimmunity |
| When the immune system is inadequate, what is it called? | immunodeficiency |
| If a person does not have adequate food it is called what? | starvation |
| If food is available but not of adequate nutritional value, it causes what? | malnutrition |
| What describes a disease with no known cause? | idiopathic |
| What describes a disease caused by medical treatment? | iatrogenic |
| What is a contusion? | tissue along or beneath the surface of the brain is bruised (bleeding), and disrupts normal nerve function |
| What is a concussion? | brain strikes and rebounds from the skull but does not cause bleeding |
| What is heatstroke? | temperature mechanism malfunctions, stop sweating, skin is hot, dry and flushed, body temperature is high, medical emergency |
| What is heat exhaustion? | skin is pale and clammy, still sweating, body temperature may still be normal. |
| What describes the body's response to trauma, physical agents, allergens, chemical agents or pathogens? | inflammation |
| What are the 4 cardinal signs of inflammation? | heat, pain, swelling, redness |
| What describes the invasion and growth of pathogenic microbes in the body? | Infection |
| What is syncope? | fainting |
| New growth or formations= | neoplasm |
| What describes the tendency of the bodies systems to remain stable? | homeostasis |
| What is the greatest risk with spinal trauma and neck injuries? | paralysis and damaged to spinal cord |
| What is a disease caused by fungus and how is it treated? | thrush or tinea pedis - anti-fungal |
| What is a disease caused by bacteria and how is it treated? | TB - antibiotic Lyme disease - antibiotic |
| List a disease caused by a virus and how is it treated? | H1N1 (swine flu) - antiviral West Nile - treatment is aimed at alleviating symptoms |
| Give an example of a disease that is caused by a protozoa? | Malaria, African sleeping sickness |
| Give an example of a disease caused by rickettsiae? | Rocky Mountain spotted fever |
| How are % of burns classified? | The Rule of Nines |
| Describe 1st degree burns | Kills superficial cells of the epidermis, Skin is red, painful and dry. No blisters |
| Describe 2nd degree burns | kills epidermis and part of the dermis. Skin is red, blistered, and may be swollen |
| Describe 3rd degree burns | kills epidermis,dermis and nerve endings and may damaged underlying bones,muscle, and tendons. Nerve endings are destroyed |
| What disease is known as the great masquerader? | Malaria |
| What disease was spread to humans by a mosquito feeding of infected birds (New York)? | West Nile |
| What is another name for smallpox | Variola |
| What are the 3 forms of Anthrax? | cutaneous intestinal inhalation - worst! |
| What bacterial infection is caused by the bite of an infected tick? | Lyme disease |
| The common cold is caused by what? | A virus |
| Is there a vaccine for Influenza (virus)? | Yes |
| Escherichia coli (E-coli) is a bacterial infection that normally live where? | intestinal tract |
| How can E-coli be transmitted? | contaminated ground beef, undercooked ground beef, consuming unpasteurized milk and juices |
| What is VRE and its treatment? | vancomycin-resistant enterocci - try to treat w/ antibiotics, patients must be isolated until 3 stool cultures are negative. Can live on surface for 7 days |
| What is MRSA? | methicillin-resistant staph aureus - antibiotics |
| What is the biggest risk with infectious diarrhea? | dehydration |
| What is another name for Rubella? | German measles - vaccine MMR |
| Measles is a disease that is a virus and form what? What is another name for measles? | Koplik's spots - Rubeola |
| What virus causes AIDS? | HIV |
| What medication is used for AIDS? | AZT |
| Normal T4 cells for healthy adult humans are | 1000 |
| A patient may be diagnosed with AIDS who are HIV positive when their T4 cells drops to? | 200 |
| How is Chronic Fatigue syndrome diagnosed? | physical exam, have systoms for at least 6 months that dont go away with bed rest, severere enough to reduce daily activity by 50% |
| Erythema Infectiosum is another name for? | Fifth disease |
| Chickenpox is another name for: | Varicella - vaccine |
| Parotitis is another name for what? | Mumps - vaccine |
| What disease causes swelling of the parotid, salivary gland? | mumps |
| What is another name for whooping cough? | Pertussis |
| What is a life-threatening infectious disease characterized by a membrane-like coating that forms over mucous membrane? | Diptheria |
| What is a suspension of infectious agents, components of agents, or genetically engineered antigens? | A vaccine |
| The h1N1 virus is a mixture of viruses typical among what? | pigs, birds, humans |
| Is there a vaccine for H1N1? | yes |
| What are the 3 forms of Botulism? | food-bourne, wound and infant |
| Botulism is caused by the | Botulinum toxin |
| What are some of the signs and symptoms of Botulism? | depends on what type. blurred vision, slurred speech, dropping eyelids |
| What are the treatment options for Botulism? | antitoxin, surgical removal of wounds |
| How may Botulism be prevented? | proper food canning, wash foods, seek medical care |
| What are 2 forms of the plague? | Bubonic & Pneumonic |
| What is the etiology of the plague? | bacterial |
| How may the plague be prevented from spreading? | antibiotic therapy, surgical masks |
| What are other names for Tularemia? | Typhoidal, pneumonic, deer fever |
| Is Tularemia bacterial or viral? | bacterial |
| What is the treatment or Tularemia? | antibiotics |
| Describe what occurs with Viral Hemorrhagic fevers | can cause massive vascular bleeding |
| How may VHF's derived? | animals/insects |
| List some symptoms of VHF | high fever, fatigue, muscle aches, bleeding, dizziness |
| What is the usual treatment for patients with VHF? | isolation, antiviral drugs, support |
| What is the best way to prevent VHF? | control rodent population, clean up of rodent droppings and nests |
Created by:
jhowe2323
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