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APWH Chapter 15
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What were the major commerce things that were a big part of Unit 4? | Slave trade, spice trade, fur trapping and trading, silver trading |
| What were Columbus and da Gama looking for? | sea routes to the Indian Ocean |
| What tropical spices were in great demand during Chapter 14? | silk, cottons, rhubarb, emeralds, rubies, and sapphires |
| Why did the Europeans need to get gold and silver? | To pay for the Asian spices and textiles they desired |
| By joining the mysterious Christian monarch Prester John? | continued Crusades |
| What country did not have god stuff to trade? | Portugal |
| What was Portugal's goal? | To control trade by force |
| Did Portugal succeed in their goal? | did not succeed, ended up only taking over about half of the Spice trade in Europe |
| The Portuguese gradually blended in with whom? | the local populations of their strongholds in the Indian Ocean Basin |
| What was one of the main differences between the Spanish colonization of the Philippines and the Portuguese? | The Spanish converted Filipinos to Christianity |
| Spain named the Philippines after whom? | King Phillip |
| Missionaries made the Philippines what? | the only major Christian outpost in Asia |
| What things were implemented in the Philippines that Portugal had never seen before? | Forced labor, taxes, tribute system |
| What roles did the women lose when Spain took over Portugal? | lost ritual and healing roles |
| How did Spain stop revolts by the Chinese population, in the Philippines? | massacres |
| What company was charted by their country's government? | Dutch and British East India Company |
| The D and B East India Company could not only make money off of the people, but also? | wage war and govern them |
| Both the Dutch and British pushed out who? | Portuguese |
| Dutch was? | Indonesia |
| British was? | India |
| The Dutch acted to control shipping and the production of? | cloves, cinnamon, nutmeg, and mace with much BLOODSHED |
| The Dutch seized control of a number of and forced them to do what? | small spice-producing islands,to sell only to the Dutch |
| On the Banda Islands, what did the Dutch do to almost the entire population? | Killed, enslaved, or left to starve virtually |
| On the Banda Islands the Dutch replaced the people they had killed and enslaved, with? | Dutch planters, using a slave labor force to produce the nutmeg crop |
| The local economy of the Spice Islands was shattered by whose policies? | Dutch |
| The British established three major trading settlements in India during the 17th century, they were? | Bombay, Calcutta, and Madras |
| The British secured their trading bases with the permission? | Mughal authorities or local rulers |
| What did British traders focus on? | Indian cotton textiles |
| Hundreds of villages in the interior of southern India became specialized producers for who? | the British market |
| Japan was divided by conflict among? | Daimyos |
| What are daimyos? | Rich families |
| How did Japan view Europeans? | seen them as a threat to a recent unity brought by Tokugawa Shogunate |
| What did Japan do to Christian missionaries and Christian practices? | expelled missionaries and suppressed the practice |
| Japan executed and tortured many missionaries and Japanese converts under a policy, how many? | Around 62 missionaries and thousands of converts |
| What did Japanese authorities forbade Japanese from doing? | from traveling abroad |
| What did Japan do to Europeans? | Banned European traders from Japan |
| Who were the only people allowed in Japan and why? | The Dutch because they were not interested in spreading Christianity |
| How long did Japan close their doors to Europeans? | 1650-1850 |
| What is Japan's main religion? | Shinto |
| What was the first item to be exchanged on a global scale? | Silver |
| Silver trading provided a direct link between what two countries? | Americas and Asia |
| What initiated a web of Pacific commerce that grew steadily over the centuries? | Silver |
| Where was most of the silver found, (85% of world total)? | in Bolivia |
| What brought silver value up? | China made taxes only payable in silver |
| Because of the way China only took silver, what did it lead to? | led to foreigners buying more Chinese stuff for lower prices |
| Because China only took silver as payment and rarely bought things from foreigners using silver, what happened? | The silver drain, most of the world's silver ended up in China |
| What did Spain's abundance of silver cause? | Caused inflation in Spain and caused the empire to fall when the price of silver dropped worldwide |
| Potosi's miners worked in what kind of conditions? | so horrendous that some families held funeral services for men drafted into the mines |
| Who was the envy of Europe in the 16th century? | Spain |
| Because of the silver mines found in South America what could Spanish rulers now do? | Could now pursue military and political ambitions in both Europe and the Americas far beyond the country's own resource base. |
| The shoguns allied with whom, to develop a market-based economy and invest heavily in ag and industrial enterprises? | Merchant class |
| In Japan, who acted to protect and renew forests? | Local and state authorities |
| Families practiced what, in Japan? | late marriages, contraception, abortion, and infanticide |
| What was the earliest modern society? | Japan |
| The outcome of the global silver economy in Japan was the dramatic slowing of Japan's pop growth, and what else? | the easing of an impending ecological crisis, and a flourishing, highly commercialized economy |
| In order to obtain silver in China what did they have to do? | needed to pay their taxes, more and more people had to sell something- either labor or their products |
| Areas in China that devoted themselves to growing mulberry trees had to do what to obtain rice? | had to buy it from other regions |
| Why did people in China grow mulberry trees? | to feed silkworms, which made silk, which led to money |
| From the silver economy, the Chinese economy became what? | more regionally specialized |
| In China, the economic growth resulted in what? | the loss of about half the area's forest cover as more and more land was devoted to cash crops |
| What may have increased the demand for furs in the early modern era? | A period of cooling temperatures and harsh winters known as the Little Ice Age |
| The North American native societies traded what for goods of real value? | trade of pelts |
| The fur trade enhanced what for some Native American leaders? | influence and authority |
| What did the fur trade provide for Native Americans? | Protection |
| The fur trade almost wiped out what? | animal species by overhunting |
| The fur trade left the Native Americans dependent upon? | European goods |
| What did the Native Americans lose because of the fur trade? | Lost traditional craft making |
| The fur trade brought what negative item to the Native American societies? | Alcohol, with destructive effects |
| Several European nations obtained their furs through commercial negotiations with who? | The Native Americans |
| Russian authorities imposed a tax or tribute, payable with? | Fur |
| If the furs weren't forthcoming from the Siberians what was a possible outcome? | death |
| Both Native and Americans suffered from what and became dependent on what? | New diseases, on goods for which they traded furs |
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1213brookisaacs
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