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Ch 15: all SLAVES

silver and slaves silver slaves baby pay ur taxes in silver and slaves

QuestionAnswer
Biggest trade going on in this time period? SLAVE TRADE
What were some other big items on the market? Spices and fur.
What is one example of global trade during this time period? Sliver from the Americas was traded to get silk from China.
Both Columbus and da Gama were looking for... sea routes to the Indian Ocean.
Why did the Europeans want in the world of Asian commerce so bad anyway? no offense. They wanted tropical spices, Chinese silk, Indian cottons, rhubarb, emeralds, rubies, and sapphires.
What motivated European's to get their own hands dirty in the world of Asian commerce? They didn't like the monopoly Muslims had over the flow of Indian Ocean products into Europe.
Why couldn't the Portuguese trade? They didn't have good things to trade.
Since the Portuguese sucked at trading they used what? Cannons. To control the trade by force.
The Portuguese never succeeded in... controlling more than half the spice trade to Europe.
By 1600, the Portuguese trading post empire was... declining.
What was once main difference between the Spanish colonization of the Philippines and the Portuguese? The Spanish converted the Filipinos to Christianity.
How did the Philippines get their name? The Spanish King Philip.
Who was the first to challenge Portugal's dominance in Asian trade? Spain
How long was Spain in control of the Philippines? until 1898.
What systems were implemented in the Philippines by the Spanish? Forced labor, taxes, and a tribute system.
What were some negative impacts of Spanish control over the Philippines? Women lost some roles and to stop Chinese revolts they massacred whole populations.
The Dutch and British East India Companies were chartered by... their countries governments. DUH
The Dutch and British East India Companies could not only make money off the people, but.. wage war and govern them.
The Dutch and British East India Companies pushed out what country? Portuguese.
The Dutch were in... Indonesia.
The British were in... India.
What did the Dutch control in Indonesia? The shipping and production of cloves, cinnamon, nutmeg, and mace.
How did the Dutch seize control of a number of small spice-producing islands? CHOPPING HEADS OFF MANEEEEE
Islands controlled by the Dutch could only trade with the... Dutch.
What all sorts of bad things happened over on the BA(n)D(a) Islands? The Dutch killed, enslaved, or left to starve the population and then replaced them with Dutch planters using a slave labor force to produce the nutmeg crop.
What were some negative impacts of Dutch control over the Spice Islands? The local economy was shattered and the people there were impoverished.
What three major trading settlements did the British establish in India? Bombay, Calcutta, and Madras.
How did the British secure their trading bases? With the permission of Mughal authorities or local rulers.
What were British traders focused on? Indian cotton textiles.
Due to British traders interest in Indian cotton textiles, hundreds of villages in India... became specialized producers for the British market.
Why was Japan divided? Conflict among the daimyos.
Who were the daimyos? Rich families.
Why did the Japanese see the Europeans as a threat? They were recently united by Tokugawa Shogunate, who didn't like them.
Who were the first of the Europeans to come to Japan? The Portuguese.
What were the Portuguese doing in Japan to make them so hated? They were spreading the word of God. Jesus Christ.
The Japanese expelled... Christian missionaries and suppressed the practice of Christianity.
Since they expelled Christianity, this led to the death of some... 62 missionaries and thousands of Japanese converts.
What else did the Japanese forbid? Traveling abroad and trading with most Europeans.
What traders did the Japanese allow? The Dutch, how were not interested in spreading Christianity.
How long did the Japanese stay closed to the Europeans? 1650 until 1850. (Then the US would blow them up. Unfortunate.)
What was the first commodity to be exchanged in a global scale? Silver
The trade of silver connected what countries? The Americas and Asia.
Why was the silver trade so historically important? It initiated a web of Pacific commerce.
Where was the worlds largest deposit of silver? Bolivia
What brought up the value of silver? China made taxes only payable in silver.
Since the Chinese wanted silver so much, this led foreigners to... buy more Chinese stuff for lower prices.
What is the silver drain? Most of the world's silver ended up in China because they only took silver as payments and rarely bought things from foreigners using silver.
What caused an inflation in Spain? The abundance of silver.
This inflation due to silver caused Spain... to fall when the price of silver dropped world wide. Unfortunate.
Where was the world's largest silver mine? In Potosi.
How did the silver mines affect Native American miners? They worked in horrendous conditions. Some families held funeral services for men drafted to work in the mines.
Potosi was described as... a portrait of hell.
The discovery of the silver mines in South America boosted Spain to be the... envy of all its European rivals during the 16th century.
Since Spain had a high position in Europe, they could pursue... military and political ambitions in both Europe and the Americas.
Economic changes resulted in ecological devastation in China, but not in _____. Japan
In Japan, the shoguns allied with the merchant class to develop what? A market-based economy and to invest heavily in agricultural and industrial enterprises.
Japan was like the first environmentalists. How? The local and state authorities acted to protect and renew forests.
For population control, the Japanese practiced... late marriages, contraception, abortion, and infanticide.
Due to the Japanese and their innovative practices, this resulted in... the dramatic slowing of Japan's population growth, the easing of an impending ecological crisis, and a highly commercialized economy.
In China to pay their taxes, which they payed in silver, more and more people had to what? Sell their labor or their products.
The Chinese economy became more... regionally specialized.
What was an example of this regionally specialized economy? Areas that grew mulberry trees, on which silkworms fed, had to buy their rice from other regions.
What did the economic growth in China lead to? The loss of about half the area's forest cover as more and more land was devoted to cash crops.
What was the Little Ice Age? A period of cooling temperatures and harsh winters.
What increased the demand for furs in the early modern era? The Little Ice Age.
The fur trade caused pelts to be trade for... goods of real value.
The fur trade had a positive effect on Native America leaders, how? It gave them more authority.
How did the fur trade protect the Native Americans? Since they were vital in retrieving the furs, it protected them from the kind of extermination, enslavement, or displacement which is what everyone else got.
What were some negative effects on the Native Americans involved in the fur trade? They were exposed to diseases and generated warfare.
What was a negative effect on the animals in North America, besides being killed? It almost wiped out many species due to over-hunting.
Interaction with Europeans left the Native Americans dependent on... European goods (guns, tools, pots, textiles). They lost traditional craft making.
What had destructive effects on the Native Americans? Alcohol yo.
How did European nations obtain their furs? Through commercial negotiations with Indian societies.
How did Siberians obtain their furs? Private trappers and hunters.
The Siberians imposed a... tax or tribute, payable in furs, on every able-bodied Siberian male between 18 and 50 years of age.
How did the Siberians enforce payment? They took hostages from Siberian societies with death as a possible outcome if the required furs weren't forthcoming.
Who did the Siberians compete with in the fur trading industry? Private Russian hunters and trappers.
Both Native Americans and Siberians suffered from... new diseases and became dependent on the goods for which they traded furs.
What was slavery like in the Islamic world? Most were female slaves.
What jobs could slaves in the Islamic world sometimes require? Prominent military or political status.
Most slaves in the pre-modern, Islamic world worked in... their owners' households, farms, or shops, with some laboring in large-scale agricultural or industrial enterprises.
From 1450 to 1850, __ million people moved from Africa to the Americas. 11
The Atlantic Slave trade was responsible for... millions of deaths.
The Atlantic Slave trade ______ everyone involved. changed
What did the African diaspora create? New societies in the Americas.
The plus side of the Atlantic Slave trade... WHITE PEOPLE GOT RICH
Most human societies had ______. slaves
The Africans had practiced _______ and sold _______ for centuries. slavery, slaves
On the trans-Saharan commerce the slaves traded went where? The Mediterranean world.
Slavery took many forms, depending on the... region and time period.
What happened to children of slaves? Sometimes they became free, other times they were slaves.
What was most distinctive about the Atlantic slave trade in the Americas? The immense size of the traffic caused by the need for slaves and how close it was for colonial America.
What was New World slavery based on? Plantation agriculture.
New World slavery treated their slaves as... property, with little or no rights.
How was slave status obtained in the Americas? It was inherited and there was little hope of eventual freedom.
What is "racial dimension"? That slavery came to identified with blacks.
The demand for sugar caused the establishment of... sugar plantations.
Why was sugar in demand? To be used as a sweetener to replace honey and fruits.
Sugar production required what? Capital investments, substantial technology, and huge amounts labor.
Why was there a general absence of wage workers who would work on sugar plantations? There were limitations to serf labor and because of the immense difficulty and danger with working with sugar, no one chose to work on a sugar plantation.
______ were the main labor for sugar plantations. Slaves
What was the first modern industry? Sugar production.
What came with sugar production? Major capital investment, technology, skilled workers, and took part in the world market.
Who first worked on the sugar plantations? The Slavs from the Black sea.
After the Slavs, the ____ _______ worked the sugar plantations. West Africans
The _______ became the primary source for slave labor. Africans
What happened with using Slavic slaves? The supply was cut-off and they were out of stock.
Why couldn't they use Native Americans as slaves? They quickly perished due to European diseases.
Why couldn't they use marginal Europeans as slaves? They were supposedly Christian and therefore exempt from slavery.
Why could they not use indentured servants to work on the plantations? They were expensive and temporary.
With that being said, why did Africans become the primary source of labor for plantations in the Americas? They were skilled farmers, had immunities to tropical and European diseases, they weren't Christians, they were easily accessed, and readily available.
What role did the Europeans play in the Atlantic slave trade? They demanded the slaves.
The entire slavery enterprise was in... European hands, from the point of sale to the American plantations.
Europeans tried to exploit what? Rivalries between Africans so that they could obtain slaves at the lowest price.
The guns the Europeans traded to get slaves, probably increased... warfare in Africa, which is how the Africans came to be slaves.
What part of the slave trade was in African hands? The point of capture to the African coast.
What role did the Africans play in the Atlantic slave trade? The African merchants and elites secured the slaves and brought them to the coast to sale to the Europeans.
The irony in the Atlantic slave trade is... The Africans that were transported as slaves also played an unwilling and tragic role in the trade.
What regions in the Americas had the largest destination of slaves in the 18th century? The Caribbean and Brazil.
The Caribbean and Brazil took in __% of the slaves traded on the Atlantic slave trade? 90
Where were the enslaved people from? West Africa.
Why did these Africans become slaves? They were captured from marginal tribes, they were prisoners of war, debtors, or criminals.
Africans generally did not sell... their own peoples.
While the populations of Europe, China, and other regions were expanding, Africa's population growth... was slowed down due to the Atlantic slave trade.
The slave trade stimulated little... positive economic change.
Instead, the slave trade led to... economic stagnation.
What are some examples of the economic stagnation that took place in Africa? There was political disruption, particularly for small-scale societies with little central authority.
Larger kingdoms, such as Kongo and Oyo... disintegrated because of the slave trade.
Unlike Kongo and Oyo, in Benin and Dahomey, African authorities sought to... take advantage of the new commercial opportunities to manage the slave trade in their own interests.
How did the discovery of silver mines in Japan impact Japanese fortunes? The ruling shogunate wisely used profits from the mines to create a sustainable market-based economy and ecology.
When European traders and missionaries first arrived in Japan, Japanese society and government were... fragmented.
The kingdom of ___________was an example of a West African state that mostly resisted involvement in the African slave trade. Benin
Created by: 1213RachelBlair
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