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World History Webber
Exam Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is Humanism | writing in the vernacular |
| Castiglione (The Courtier) | well-rounded education |
| shift in thinking | power of man |
| similarities between North and Italian Renaissance | painters portraying human form realistically |
| Why Renaissance started in Italy? | geography, politics, society, and economy |
| Artists from Florence | Machiavelli, Petrarch, Boccaccio, Brunelleschi |
| cultural development in Italy | abundance of wealth |
| Renaissance artists | used chiaroscuro and linear perspective |
| Renaissance royal (court) life and conduct | Castiglione's Courtier |
| Florence is to the Renaissance | as Athens is to the Greeks culture |
| What was the influence of the Renaissance? | Preserve the wealthy upper class (small population) |
| Medici family known for | most famous Florentine patrons of arts and architecture |
| Center of northern Renaissance | Germany and Flanders |
| Botticelli known for | pagan themes (mythology) |
| Renaissance art | concern for human form |
| "Erasmus laid the egg that Luther hatched" refers to | the Reformation |
| "If Pope knew what people selling indulgences were doing to his followers he would knock down St. Peters" | From Luther's 95 Theses |
| Peace of Augsburg left unresolved | Calvinism in the settlement |
| Luther's most important beliefs | -justification by faith -2 sacraments -authority of scripture -priesthood of the believer -translation of Bible into vernacular |
| What family ruled HRE? (1452-1806) | Hapsburg |
| Catholic Church;s position on indulgences after Council of Trent? | choose whether their lands would be Catholic of Lutheran |
| Part of Luther's theology | salvation came only through faith |
| Council of Trent insisted on closer Church regulation | on sale of indulgences |
| The Peace of Augsburg | eastablished the principles of "he who rules; his religion" |
| new to art in the Renaissance was | -oil painting -use of perspective -freestanding sculpture -realistic people |
| 3 orders of people in Medieval Europe | clergy, nobles, and peasants |
| The spark that caused Luther to condemn Catholic practices | the selling of indulgences as a means to save a soul that was in purgatory |
| Henry VIII's goal when he broke the RCC | became the head of a newly formed Anglican Church |
| All of these came before Luther to criticize the 16th century | Wycliff, Savonarola, Erasmus, Hus (Know came after) |
| Calvinism became an influential force in | Scotland |
| Junkers and boyars referred to | landed nobles who lived in Germany and Russia |
| The mercantilist theory of economics in the 17th century held that | colonies existed for the financial benefit of the mother country |
| constitutionalism means | the limitation of governmental power by law |
| After 1534, in post-Reformation England | the kingdom veered back and forth between Catholicism and Anglicanism |
| political system of 17th century England | Absolute monarchy and military dictatorship |
| divine right | monarchical power is ordained by God |
| 17th century Europe cultural patterns showed tendency toward | emulating all things French |
| The economic property of the 17th century Dutch republic was based on its | successful maritime trade worldwide |
| the event that ended in regicide in the 17th century | The English Civil War |
| key to the commercial success of the Dutch in the 17th century was their | banking system and stock exchange |
| the Peace of Westphalia was part of the settlement of the | Thirty Years War |
| Political system of Braddenburg-Prussia in the 17th century | Absolutist monarchy |
| in 16th century eastern Europe peasants became | de facto slaves |
| Which royal house ruled England in the 17th century | Tudors and Stuarts |
| John Locke | rejected absolutism |
| 30 Years War | killed about 1/3 population of German speaking population |
| order of Stuart dynasty | James I, Charles I, Charles II, James II |
| William of Orange ascended to the throne of England from | the Netherlands |
| Elizabeth I | reestablished the Church of England's independence from Rome |
| Many english Protestant feared James II would | restore the Roman Catholic Church |
| The result of Louis VIV's persecution of Huguenots | they left France causing a blow of the French economy |
| William and Mary were required to accept the ______ before taking the throne | English Bill of Rights |
| the leader of the roundheads in the english civil war | Oliver Cromwell |
| The main result of the Edict of Nantes( 1598) was that | it established the principles of religious toleration and equal civil rights for French Protestants and Catholics |
| The Scientific Revolution of the 17th and 18th centuries was mainly an | intellectual transition |
| women were not prominent participants in the enlightenment or the Scientific Revolution because | they were generally barred from both education and the professions |
| John Locke's philosophy of natural rights | expresses the philosophy of the Enlightenment |
| What effect did the Scientific Revolution have on the authority of the Catholic Church | it weakened its authority since more natural phenomena that had been traditionally left to the clergy was now being explained |
| the greatest achievement of the scientific Revolution included | chemistry, medicine, astronomy, and physics |
| the view that was accepted in Europe that the sun and pants revolved around the earth | was the Ptolemaic concept if the universe |
| Copernicus's major contribution was | that the universe was heliocentric |
| Galileo confirmed Copernicus's theory | with the telescope |
| the salons of the enlightenment were famous for | hosting discussions of literature and philosophy |
| what political belief would Locke and Rousseau have had in common | government can occur only with the consent of the governed |
| the most serious conflict facing scientists of the 17th century such as Galileo was | reconciling scientific discoveries with Christain teachings |
| which scientist tried to appeal to the Pope about his book, Revolution of Heavenly Spheres | Copernicus |
| the scientist responsible for developing calculus and the theory of gravity was | Isaac Newton |
| Which is most closely associated with Rene Descartes | new laws based on tolerance and reason |
| Newton's great achievements was to present the modern world with | a complex view of how motion and mass were related in the universe |
| Voltaire wrote about discoveries by ______ of motion and mass | Isaac Newton |
| John Locke is most famous for advancing the concept of | all people having natural rights based on life, liberty, and property |
| general will | Rousseau |
| who wrote "Vindication of the Rights of Women" | Mary Wollstonecraft |
| Voltaire was most outspoken and vehement in his denunciation oh | the Roman Catholic Church |
| the language of the enlightenment was | French |
| as a result of the Pugachev Rebellion | serfdom in Russia was strengthened to almost slavery |
| Catherine the Great supported | absolute monarchy as the only governing principle |
| Voltaire favored | enlightened despotism |
| Montesquieu greatly admired | England |
| in Rousseau's "The Social Contract" the contract was between the | people themselves |
| the center of the enlightenment was | France |
| enlightened monarchs would not | surrender royal rights |
| in teh armies of the 18th centruy leadership was primarily reserved for the | aristocracy (nobles) |
| Prussia could not have | a large navy (landlocked) |
| Treaty of Paris 1763 ended the | Seven Years War |
| Joseph II reformed a lot but did not | grant universal suffrage |
| the core of the early Prussian State was | Brandenburg |
| conquistador means | military adventurers exploring for the crown |
| Spanish goals of exploration | God, Glory, and Gold; enrich the royal treasury and convert the natives to Christianity |
| The Age of Exploration revealed that | Native cultures did not possess modern weaponry |
| about 1550 the globalization of the world economy under the Spanish began with | the international silver trade |
| colonization of Brazil by Portugal by european demand for | sugar |
| bourgeoisie can be | the urban wealthy class |
| what is false about native americans | they were pacifistic and would not resist |
| first kingdom with successful circumnavigation | Spain (Magellan) |
| Mercantilism is | a theory of national wealth having to do with favorable trade balances |
| Columbian Exchange was disastrous to indigenous people | because of the arrival of new disease pathogens from Europe |
| triangular trade after 1500 refers to | an economic network of goods and slaves between North America and Africa |
| Spanish finance Columbus' voyage | to beat the Portuguese to India first |
| what helped unite Spain after 1492 | the Inquisition |
| the Spanish encomienda was modeled on the | feudal manor |
| Spanish colonies in the Americas were notable for their | extractive economies |
| What was the smallest section of the population in Spanish America | Peninsulares |
| The ideals of the French Revolution were expressed in the phrase | liberty, equality, and fraternity |
| the bourgeoisie was part of the | 3rd estate |
| the first, second, and third estates consisted of _____ respectively. | clergy, nobility, commercial & professional |
| the Tennis Court Oath taken by new National Assembly at Versailles in 1789 | deifed royal absolutism by committing to a constitution |
| voting in the Estates General was traditionall | 1 vote per estate |
| What became a symbol of the French Revolution | the guillotine |
| The Constitution of 1791 | established a constitutional monarchy |
| During the Reign of Terror, Robespierre tried to | crush all opposition to the revolution |
| Who used violence and terror during French Revolution? | Maximilien Robespierre |
| What French city was center of radical French Revolution? | Paris |
| which class was made up of 90% of the 3rd estate? | peasants |
| The Committe of Public Safety did not | bring political violence to an end |
| What French colony gained independence? | Haiti |
| Napoleon entered French politics by | orchestrating a coupd-etat that overthrew the Directory |
| Why did Napoleon divorce his wife, Josephine? | he wanted an heir |
| After the French Revolution, the ideals of republican liberty in France were | comprised by the dictatorship of Napoleon |
| Napoleon's "Continental System" aimed at | cutting off all Britiish trade with the Continent |
| After Napoleon was defeated by the Allies in 1815, they demanded | abdication and exile to St. Helena |
| Why did Napoleon invade Russia and start a war? | Russia backed out of the Continental System |
| to strangle the British economy, Napoleon imposed an economic blockade on his rival called | the Continental System |
| Napoleon's costliest defeat in terms of manpower and materials came | against the Russians |
| LAdy Liberty represented | liberalism and nationalism |
| The impressionist artist | concentrated on light, started in Paris, painted streets and railroads |
| In 1806, Prussia conducted the 7 weeks war against Austria in order to | take Holstein and Schleswig |
| Delocroix's painting "Liberty Leading the People" symbolically portrayed events of | the July Revolution of 1830 (le mis) |
| no tension between class, classless society | Karl Marx |
| "Concert of Europe" (Congress of Vienna) | Metternich was leading force |
| 19th century Britian, not members of middle class | factory workers (proletariate) (lower-class) |
| 19th century chartists | demanded universal male suffrage and political representation in Parliment for the working class |
| The Combination Acts of 1799 | outlawed unions and strikes |
| 1st factories in Britian produced | texiles |
| Realism movements wanted to | show social and economic conditions that affected humans |
| goal od Marxist socialism | a classless society |
| proletariat means | modern working class |
| aspect of Romanticism | hero, individual, emotional, illumination of world within |
| Liberalism demanded a | representative government |
| Important ideological change in 19th century Europe | Nationalism and Liberalism |
| conservatives in 19th century Europe believed in protecting the | existing social and political order |
| Postwar order after defeat of Napoleon led to | Congress of Vienna (conservative) |
| Triple Alliance | Italy, Germany, Austria-Hungary |
| not a major cause of WWI | impressionism (causes were growth of nationalism, militarism, and internal dissent) |
| Austria-Hungary feared that Serbia would | create a large Slavic state |
| During the war, new roles in the workforce were created for women because | so many men entered the military effort |
| to maintain high morale and maintain support for the war among their citizens | the democratic states used propaganda |
| the U.S. entered the war largely over the issue of | unrestricted submarine warfare |
| President Wilson argued at the Paris Peace Conference most strongly for | a League of Nations to prevent future wars |
| Under the terms of the Treaty of Versailles, Germany was forced to do all of the following, | return Alsace and Lurraine to France, give up land to a new Polish state, pay for war damages |
| The Treaty of Versailles was signed by the Big Three powers as a peace settlement with | Germany |
| League of Nations was not effective because | US didn't join, US did not ratify the Treaty of Versailles, did not force aggression (Wilson did not support) |
| The Great Depression was caused primarily by | economic downturn and the US stock market crash |
| The economist John Maynard Keynes argued that | unemployment came from a decline in demand for goods and services |
| The French New Deal program started by France's Popular Front | improved wages and hours for workers |
| Stalin's Five Year Plans were intended to transform Russia into | an industrial society |
| Lenin intended his economic policies to do which of the following | create a temporary capitalist system |
| Hitler inaccurately associated the concept of an Aryan race with all of the following groups | ancient Greeks and Romans, Germans, and Scaninavians (not Jews) |
| What was the Kristallnacht, happened on November 9, 1938 | a destructive rampage against German Jews led by Nazis |
| Hitler's goal was to create a | Third Reich, or German Empire |
| Hitler's polotical theories were based on all of the following | racism, especiallly anti-semitism, Darwinian social struggle, nationalosm (not communism) |
| Werner Heisenberg's 1927 observations that emphasized the apparent randomness of subatomic particles is called | the uncertainty principle |
| Nazi Germany considered modern art to be | degenerate |
| signed a Non-Agression Pact with Germany | Russia |
| Truman decided to do what during WWII | drop an atomic bomb to end WWII |
| what area in NW Czechoslavakia was given to Hitler | Sudentland |
| Britain declared was on Germany two days after Hitler invaded _____ | Poland |
| what is Blitzkreig (lightening war) | a form of attack that used tank divisions supported by air attacks |
| what happenec on December 7, 1941 | the Japanese launched a surprise attack on the US Pacific fleet at Pearl Harbor |
| the Battle of Midway was | the turning poing of the war in the Pacific |
| when Einsatzgrupper didnt kill fast enough for the Nazi | they built special extermination camps in Poland |
| at the Tehran Conference Stalin, Roosevelt, and Churchhill decided to | make a final assault on postwar Garmany |
| At the Potsdam Conference Truman demanded | freely elected governments throughotu Eastern Europe |
| Great Britian's policy of appeasement toward Germany | was based on the belief that the satisfaction of reasonable demands would maintain |
| "Peace for our time" was said by who | Chamberlin boasted that the Munich Conference meant this |
| At dunkirk | heroic efforts by the British Royal Navy and civialians in private boats managed to evacuate 338,000 Allied troops |
| the Battle of Stalingrad was a crushed defeat for Germany | because the entire German Sixth Army, considered the best of the German troops, was lost |
| What was Einsatzgruppen | were special strike forces charged with the task of rounding up and killing Jews |
| What was the Cold War | a period of political tension following WWII |
| What happened at the Yalta Conference | Allies agreed to the establishment of a United Nations organization after the war |
| Which country was a member of the Warsaw Pact | Poland |
| Which country was first intervened by US and Soviet Union during the Cold War | Korea |
| what was the 1st country to have women's voting rights | Great Britian |
| what was the Marshall plan designed to do | restore the economic stability of European nations after WWII |
| US fears about spread of communism increased when this nation became communist in 1949 | China |
| this country was not an original member of NATO | Spain |
| the caused US fears that Soviet Union was ahead in production of missiles | Sputnik I |
| "Bay of Pigs" refers to | US attempt to overthrow the Cuban government |
| who was the US senator responsible for the anti-communist movement known as "Red Scare" | Joseph McCarthy |
| What stated the the US would provide money to nations threatened by communist expansion | the Truman Doctrine |
| what was the Soveit Union's response to the Marshall Plan | the Council for Mutual Economic Assitance |
| which country joined NATO alliance several years after it was founded | Turkey |
| what sought to create a military alliance between the Soviet Union and various Eastern European nations | The Warsaw Pact |
| what was built in order to prevent East Germans from defecting to West Germany | the Berlin Wall |
| which country's economy declined after WWII | Great Britian |
| What communist nation remained independent of Soviet Control | Yugoslavia |
| which country experienced an "economic miracle" after WWII | West Germany |
| which US president signed into law the Civil Rights Act | Lyndon Johnson |
Created by:
savannahmarsh
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