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unit 3 religion wh
World Religions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Judaism | |
| Compared to other world religions, is Judaism considered a larger or smaller world religion? | Smaller. |
| What differs between how Judaism is spread, and how other religions are spread? | Its not through the conversion on nonbelievers, but from migration of Jews from the Middle East. |
| Why is Judaism considered significant, although it is relatively small? | Christianity and Islam sprang from it. |
| Describe Yahweh. | One god, all Jews have a personal relationship with him, Revealed himself through prophets and great events. |
| Primary Jewish scriptures, laws. | The Torah. |
| How did Jews live before being enslaved by Egyptian pharaohs? | They roamed freely in North Arabia as a nomadic tribe. |
| How did Moses impact the Jews during the 13th century? | He guided the Jews out of enslavement and back to the promised land. At Mount Sinai, he met with God who initiated the Ten commandments. |
| Basic ethical code that Jews follow. | The Ten commandments. |
| What struggles did the Jews go through after crossing the Jordan River? | They struggled for domination, they divided into two kingdoms. |
| The scattering of Jews, the Babylonians exiled the Jews 3 times and it caused this to happen. | Diaspora. |
| An uprising. | A pogrom. |
| What happened when Jews revolted against Rome? | Jerusalem was destroyed and the temple burnt to the ground. Jews were scattered. |
| What is Sephardim? | Mix of Hebrew and Spanish. |
| What is Yiddish. | Mix of Hebrew and German. |
| What did Theodo Herzl help convince the Jews of? | That they would never be treated justly in Europe. |
| Before and during WWII, Nazi Germany killed 6 million Jews in concentration camps. It convinced the world to allow the Jews to establish their own country. | The Holocaust. |
| What was the name of the state established? Where did people come from? | Israel. From Europe, U.S., the Arab world, Russia, and Ethiopia. |
| Where does the largest concentration of Jews exist? | The U.S. because they had freedom of religion. |
| The law. The prophets. The writings. | Torah. Neviim. Ketuvim. |
| Strive to adhere as closely as possible to biblical laws. | Orthodox. |
| Not as strict as Orthodox. | Conservative. |
| The least strict variation of Judaism. | Reformed. |
| Not just a religion, but a culture. | Reconstructionism. |
| Day of rest, synagogue services are held on this day. | The Sabbath. |
| Day of praying and fasting. Includes confessing ones sins, and seeking forgiveness. | Yom Kipper. |
| Islam | |
| Islam means... | Surrender or submission. |
| What are the two main sects of Islam? | Sunnism and Shiite. |
| Who was the prophet of Islam and where was he born? | Muhammad, in Mecca. |
| Sunnis... | Follow teachings of Muhammad as revealed to him by the angel Gabriel and recorded in the Koran. |
| Shiites... | Believe that Ali ibn Abi Talib was the spiritual and political heir to Muhammad. |
| Profession of faith.. | "There is no god, but God: Muhammad is the prophet of God" must be recited once it ones lifetime. |
| Prayer... | Must pray five times daily, facing Mecca. |
| Pay the Zakat... | A tax on possessions and cash. |
| Fasting... | During Ramadan, the ninth month of the lunar calendar. |
| The Hajj... | Every Islam must make a pilgrimage to Mecca at least once. |
| To oppress or force others into believing in Islam, struggle/holy war. | Jihad. |
| Why is pride a cardinal sin? | A proud spirit is an attempt to be like God, a feature no human can achieve. |
| What change took place in the Middle East after 1938? | They became wealthy, oil was discovered. They could take jets, cars, and more modern travel to Mecca. |
| Dark piece of clothing covering everything except eyes. | Burqa. |
| Describe Sufism. | They attempt to treat women equally. They dedicate themselves to communicating with God in the here and now rather than in heaven. |
| What sect of Islam is less tolerant of other religions? | Sufi, but each sect may have extremist views. |
| Christianity | |
| Christianity began as a variant of what other religion? | Judaism. |
| Where did Christianity begin? | Roman province Judaea. |
| What led to the development of Christianity? | Several groups fought about the definition of Judaism. Followers hoped for a leader to restore Israel. A leader who appeared was a man from the town of Nazareth. |
| How did Jesus of Nazareth teach Judaic law? | With a gentle and humane call to ethical and moral purity. |
| How did Jesus believe a person's character and religion should be expressed? | Acts of kindness and devotion to other humans. |
| To fellow Jews what did Jesus represent? | A challenge to the established social and religious order. |
| To Romans, what did Jesus represent? | A challenge to their authority and an agitation to the volatile Jewish population. |
| What happened after Jesus was crucified? | He rose from the dead three days later, and ascended to heaven. |
| Christians believe Jesus was the son of... | God. |
| Why did Romans persecute Christians in the second century? | Christians refused to sacrifice to the Roman gods. |
| What did Emperor Constantine do? | He converted to Christianity, and ended lavish imperial patronage of Pagan religions and funded Christian communities. |
| What was one crucial development that occurred in the Christian religion? | Church stood at center of civic affairs, church officials became crucial in organizing cities and provinces. |
| What did Charlemagne do? | He was named protector of the Christian religion. |
| Who called for a Crusade in 1095? | Pope Urban II. |
| How did power increase after the Muslims invaded the Byzantine Empire? | Power shifted to West Europe. |
| What was the goal of the Crusades? | To redirect the aggressive energies of Europe's warrior nobility away from European society and into an army under the direction of the pope. |
| Hinduism | |
| What is Hinduism? | Collection of many related religious beliefs and practices. |
| How is Hinduism different from Christianity? | No single scripture, polytheistic. |
| More than 98% of Hindus live where? | India. |
| Perpetual series of rebirths in which a soul takes on any form of life in each birth. | Samsara or reincarnation. |
| How does karma influence samsara? | Determines the form in which an individual is reborn. |
| What are the four social categories? | Brahman-priests Kshatriya-warriors Vaishya-merchants Shudra-workers |
| Define untouchables. | They fall outside the system, banned from public. |
| What animal is sacred to Hindus? | Cows. |
| What are the three most important Hindu gods? | Shiva-destroyer Vishnu-the preserver Brahma-the creator |
| Sikhism | |
| Most followers of Sikhism reside in what region of northwestern India? | Punjab. |
| Scholars suggest Sikhism is a blend of Hinduism and what? | Islam. |
| the Sikh holy book is called the what? | Granth Sahib, or Adi Granth. |
| What are the 3 sections of the Granth Sahib? | 1. Japji(teachings of Guru Nanak) 2. Ragas(tunes) 3. 26 books that elaborate on the Ragas. |
| What are the 4 ceremonial events in a Sikh's life? | 1. Naming as an infant. 2. Initiation. 3. Marriage. 4. Death. |
| Between what ages does initiation occur? | 8 and 15. |
| What is the best-known group of Sikhs in the West? | The Singhs. |
| Singhs adhere to the Khalsa Brotherhood, which protects them from what? | Persecution. |
| What 5 distinguishing marks do Singhs have? | 1. Kirpan(dagger) 2. Kesa(uncut hair) 3. Kangha(comb) 4. Kacch(short pants) 5. Kara(steel bracelet worn on right wrist) |
| What are the fundamental precepts of Sikhism? | 1. Reverence to the 10 gurus. 2. The oneness of god. 3. Divine revelation of the Granth Sahib. |
| What is the date that Khalsa Brotherhood was founded? | Baisakhi. |
| What do Singhs refrain from using? | Alcohol and tobacco. |
| Confucianism | |
| Where was Confucianism founded? | China. |
| Who founded Confucianism? | The disciples of Confucius. |
| What is the theory of cynical change? | The movement of the universe is cyclic, and the beginning and end are the same. |
| What do ren and yi mean, and how are they used in Confucianism? | Humanity, and righteousness. One should give up ones life to uphold these. |
| What are the rituals to Confucianism followers? | The routines that people often engage in, knowingly or unknowingly during the normal course of their lives. |
| Taoism | |
| What does Taoism mean? | The way. |
| Taoism is mostly practiced where? | China. |
| Who is the founder of Taoism's scriptures in Tao-te Ching? | Lao-Tzu. |
| What is the most important Taoist ceremony? | Shouyi. |
| What is Shouyi? | Meditating on the one. |
| What is Tao? | A single, formless state that underlies both being and nonbeing. |
| What does yang represent? | Good, masculine, warmth, positive principles. |
| What does ying represent? | Cold, feminine, evil, negative principles. |
| Tao allows followers to discover Taoism through what? | A variety of rituals and ceremonies. |
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