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cali integumentary
cali anatomy and physiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| integumentary system | the skin and the structures that develop from it |
| integument | the skin |
| cutaneous membrane | also the skin or integument |
| the five functions of the skin are | protection, excretion, temperature regulation, sensory perception, and synthesis of vitamin D |
| what are the two major layers of the skin | epidermis and the dermis |
| which of the major layers is the outer layer? | epidermis |
| the epidermis is composed of what epithelium | stratified squamous |
| which of the two major layers of the skin is the thicker inner layer? | dermis |
| the dermis is composed of what type of tissue? | fibrous connective |
| what is beneath the dermis? | hypodermis |
| the epidermis lacks what? | blood vessels |
| the epidermis obtains nutritients from what? | the blood vessels in the underlying dermis |
| what does the epidermis protect the body against? | the entrance of pathogenic organisms, ultraviolet radiation, and excessive water loss |
| what is the most inner layer of the cells? | the stratum basale |
| which layer continuously produces new cells by mitotic cell division? | stratum basale |
| what enables the epidermis to repair itself if it is injured? | the constant division of cells in the stratum basale |
| a waterproofing protein that is resistant to abrasion | keratin |
| what consists of numerous layers of dead, flat, keratinized cells? | stratum corneum |
| what is composed of fibrous connective tissue | dermis |
| what provides strength, extensibility, and elasticity | dermis |
| what two type of fibers are abundant in the dermis | collagen and elastic |
| conelike projections of the dermis that fit into recesses in the epidermis | dermal papillae |
| what receptors are located in the deeper portions of the dermis | pressure, pain, heat, and cold |
| what plays an important role in temperature regulation? | dermal blood vessels |
| the subcutaneous layer or superficial fascia ataches the skin to unerlying tissues and organs is | hypodermis |
| the hypodermis is composed of what two types of tissue | loose and adipose tissue |
| serves as a heat insulator and a storage site for fat | hypodermis |
| red pigment in red blood cells that gives red color to blood | hemoglobin |
| yellowish pigment found in the stratum corneum and dermis | carotene |
| brown black pigment that is formed by melanocytes | melanin |
| special cells found in the deeper layers of the epidermis | melanocytes |
| the amount of melanin that a person can produce is what | inherited |
| the greater the production of melanin the _____ the skin color | darker |
| melanin protects the body from what | ultraviolet radiation |
| when melanin is concentrated in small patches it is called | freckles |
| the increased production of melanin is a protective ______ ______ | homeostatic mechanism |
| why do tans dissapear? | because the tanned cells migrate to the surface and are sloughed off |
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