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Chapter Thirteen 13
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What did Zheng He explore? | as far east as East Africa in 1405 from China |
| Why is Columbus known more than Zheng He? | Bc Columbus' voyages changed the world, Zheng's didn't really. |
| Who were the Paleolithic people of the 1400s? | lived in Siberia, Americas and Australia |
| How did the people of Australia live? | in 250 separate groups |
| What kind of technology did Australians have? | really modern tools, but some w/o ag |
| How did the Northwest people live? | in permanent village settlements w/ large, sturdy houses, considerable economic specialization |
| What was the Northwest people social life like? | ranked societies that included slavery, cheifdoms dominated by clan leaders and an extensive storage of food. |
| What did the Australians do for food? | hunted/gathered w/ advanced tools, but no ag |
| Where were the Agricultural Societies located in the 1400s? | North America, Amazon, subequatorial Africa |
| What did the Ag societies get away from? | class inequalities, governmental oppressions and gender seclusion |
| What was Yoruba like? | series of city states, within a walled town, ruled by an oba(king)(women) performed religious and political functions |
| Who did Yoruba trade with? | Benin & Igbo and the most distant people of the Songhay Empire in the north. |
| What was the Benin like? | centralized territorial state that was ruled by warrior king Euware (conquered 201 towns & villages)his admins chiefs replaced heads of kinships as major political authorities |
| What was trade like for the Benin? | king sponsored trade missions, patrionized artists who created brass sculptures, which Benin was so famous for. |
| Who did the Benin trade with? | Yoruba & Igbo & distant people of Songhay Empire in the north |
| What was Igbo like? | rejected kings & state building efforts of their neighbors it was a stateless society |
| Igbo relied on institutions, what were they? | title societies were wealthy men received prestiogous ranks, women assoc., hereditary ritual experts serving as mediators, balance of power among kinship groups |
| Who did the Igbo trade with? | Yoruba & Benin & distant peoples of the Songhay empire |
| Iroquois League characteristics... | New York State fully ag by 1300, women farmed, men turned to warfare, the league started due to warfare |
| What were the values of the Iroquois League? | limited gov., social equality, personal freedom, concepts that Europeans found attractive |
| Gender roles of the Iroquois people (women) | married couples lived w/ wife's family, women controlled ag, women selected leaders |
| Gender roles of the Iroquois people (men) | hunters, warriors, primary political officeholders |
| Who was Timur (Tamerlane)? | a Turkic warrior named Timur, ferocious as Chingiss Khan |
| What did Timur do? | leader of an attempt to restore the Mongol empire, his army brought immense devastation to Russia, Persia and India, lost to expanding Russian and Chinese empire |
| What was Fulbe like? | west Africas largest pastoral society lived in small communities and adopted Islam. Slowly grew into towns and led less Jihads to create new Fulbe states |
| Major achievements of the Ming Dynasty? | China recovered from Mongol rule & the ravages of the plague. |
| What did China hope to become after the Ming dynasty? | best governed and most prosperous of the world's major civilizations. |
| What did China undertake? | largest and most immpresive maritime expeditions the world had ever seen. |
| More about Ming... | against all foreign ideas, all about Confucius, 11,000 volume encyclopedia, civil service exam reinstated |
| What did Ming's government have? | Eunuchs, state ag initiatives (1 billion trees planted) best governed state in 15th century (1400s) |
| Why did Emperor Yongle send Zheng He on his voyages? | to enroll distant peoples and states on the Chinese tribute system, served to establish Chinese power and prestige in the Indian Ocean and to exert Chinese control over foreign trade in the region. |
| Why were the voyages stopped? | Emperor Yongle's successors viewed expansions as a waste of time and resources |
| What was the reason for the Hundred Years war? | England and France fought for more than a century over rival claims to territory in France. England was separate and independent and highly competitive states which sharply divided Christendom. |
| Did the Ming Dynasty experience something like the Hundred Year war? | No, they controlled everything centrally with no drama. |
| What was the Renaissance? | a renewed cultural blossoming that occurred in Europe, which celebrated a classical Greek tradition that earlier had been obscured . |
| How did the Renaissance begin in Italy? | among the rich, found inspiration ancient art and literature from Greece and Rome. |
| what did the scholars and philosophers reflected on secular topics? | grammar, history, poetry, and politics |
| What did the secular elements challenge? | otherworldliness of Christian culture, and its individualism signaled the dawning of a more capitalist economy of private entrepreneurs. |
| What did the Renaissance cause? | a pop, pop on 1450, lots of trading brought lots of cizash to Italian merchants |
| The Renaissance picked up were antiquity left off what does that mean? | philosophy, secularism, humanism, rationalism, |
| What does Renaissance mean? | rebirth of antiquity |
| How were Chinese and Europeans voyages different in terms of size? | Columbus captained 3 ships and a crew of 90, while Gama had 4 ships and a crew of 170 |
| How were they different in terms of motivations? | Europeans were seeking wealth of Africa and Asia also in search of Christian converts & allies against Muslims. China had no equivalent power, needed no military allies. |
| What was China's reason for exploring? | to see what was out there |
| Why did China want to end their voyages? | bc they led nowhere |
| Who is Prince Henry the Navigator? Portugal | never really explored, but liked the idea and paid for explorers to go to western Africa by boat. He started it all. |
| Who was Columbus? (Italian who sailed for Spain) | went to the Americas, but thought he was India. Made the voyage bc Muslims made land trading from Europe to Asia difficult. |
| Who was Vasco da Gama? | made it around southern Africa to India |
| Who were the Ottomans? | 14th-20th century, Huge territory: Anatolia, eastern Europe, Middle East, North African coast, lands around the Black Sea. Sultans claimed the title caliph, wanted to bring new unity to the Islamic world |
| Who were the Safavid? | emerged in Persia from a Sufi religious order. Empire established after 1500. Imposed Shia Islam as the official religion of the state. Sunni Ottoman and Shia Safavid fought between 1534-1639. |
| Who were the Songhay? | rose in west Africa in the 2nd half of the 15th century. Islam was limited largely to urban elites. Sonni Ali followed Muslim practices but also a magician w/ an invisibility charm. Major center of Islam learning/trade. |
| Who were the Mughal? | effort to create a partnership between Hindus and Muslims. Hindu kingdom of Vijayanagara continued to flourish in the south |
| What was the second flowering of Islam? | the 4 empires |
| Characteristics of 2nd flowering of Islam... | Spread Islam as far as SE Asia, Malacca major port city for Islam, Influenced by Buddhism & Hinduism, major role in the 1500s spice explorations |
| Ottomans and Safavid differ politically? | claimed the legacy of the Abbasid Empire and sought to bring a renewed unity to the Islamic world. saw themselves as successors to the Roman empire |
| Ottomans and Safavid differ politically? | it was created by a Turkic leader who was from a Sufi religious order. |
| Importance of Malacca? | became a Muslim port city and helped spread Islam to other regions |
| What did Malacca demonstrate? | much blending with the local Hindu/Buddhist traditions, center of Islamic learning |
| How did Aztecs begin? | on an island on a lake in modern Mexico city called Tenochtitlan |
| Characteristics of the Aztecs... | tripe alliance w/ 2 citystates, strong military, trade |
| Characteristics of Incas... | language-Quechua, Capital Cuzco (modern Peru), Andes mtns, state owned all land, Communists, forced conquered people to learn Quechua, forced labor |
| What distinguished Aztecs from the Incas? | Inca was larger, Aztec controlled Mesoamerica cultural regions, Inca encompassed Andean civs, Aztecs left conquered people alone, Incas were bureaucratic, |
| Trade for Aztecs and Incas? | Aztecs had commercial exchange based on merchants and free markets, Inca gov played a major role in production and distribution of goods. |
| Why did the Aztecs preform human ritual sacrifice? | sun was central of like, they did it to replenish suns energy and to postpone endless darkness. |
| Aztec women... | cooked, cleaned, spun, wove cloth, raised children, undertook ritual activities, officials, priestesses, traders, teachers, craft workers. |
| Inca women... | men and women were equal, women sowed and helped with harvest, had Chosen women |
| How were Afro Eurasian people linked to one another? | through trade like the Silk Roads & larger ships |
| What kind of growth accompanied the economic aor industrial revolution? | an unprecedented world population growth |
| What happens in the 1500s? | long distance sea trade |
| What happens in the 1800s? | industrializations that will make the modern human society., huge pop pop, biggest change in peoples life |
Created by:
1213meganhouk
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