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CWI HIST102
CWI HIST 102 Final - WWI/WWII
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The Bolsheviks (Lenin) asked Germany for peace and agreed to the Treaty of ___, which removed Russia from WWI but allowed German occupation. | Brest-Litovsk |
| The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed on ___. | March 3, 1918 |
| What event saw the Provisional Government overthrew? | Bolshevik Revolution, November 1917 |
| Whose party slogans were, "All power to the soviets" and "Peace, land, and bread"? | Bolsheviks (the majority) |
| The Bolsheviks wanted to suppress the ___, who were anti-communist. | Mensheviks (the minority) |
| What collective security organization did Wilson highlight in his 14 points? | The League of Nations |
| Under the ___, there would be no navy, a small army, lost of colonies, lost of Alsace-Loraine and Article 231. | Treaty of Versailles |
| ___ was a war guilt clause that blamed Germany and allowed victors to collect reparations. | Article 231 |
| Who was the fascist leader of Italy? | Benito Mussolini |
| Congress did not pass ___, due to Article 10 would have made the US obligated to defend France. | Treaty of Versailles |
| In 1922, ___'s supporters started a march on Rome, forcing King Victor Emmanuel III to make ___ prime minister. | Benito Mussolini |
| Italian fascist army members | Black Shirts |
| Political organization called ___ or Nazis. | National Socialist German Workers' Party |
| Centralized program for economic development that set production priorities and gave production targets for individual industries and agriculture. | five-year plan |
| In 1928, Stalin announced his ___ to modernize and catch up to the West or, "the advanced countries ... will crush us." | Stalin's 5-year plan, later copied by Hitler |
| Policy to consolidate individual land, labor, and needed industrialization through the nationalization of private property. | collectivization |
| Group led by ex-soldier and political newcomer Adolf Hitler. Considered the thugs that did the dirty work, such as bloody street brawls with communist members/supporters. | Brown Shirts (SA- Sturm Abteilung) |
| In 1937, the British elected ___ as Prime Minister. Considered a conservative, he believed Stalin was the threat and not Hitler. | Neville Chamberlain |
| Right-wing military leader who successfully overthrew the democratic republic in Spain and instituted a repressive dictatorship. | Francisco Franco |
| Falange Party leader that had support from Hitler and Mussolini, which allowed him to win. | Francisco Franco |
| During the Spanish Civil War (1936-39), Germany bombed what town? | Guernica, Spain |
| In toe with the Brits, France elected conservative ___ as the French premier. | Edouard Daladier |
| ___ among Germany, Great Britain, France, and Italy was an agreement not to oppose Germany's claim to the Sudetenland. | Munich Pact (Conference) 1938 |
| The strategy of preventing a war by making concessions for legitimate grievances. | appeasement |
| High priced reparations led Germany into an economic crisis of a staggeringly grave inflation. The US made a loan to Germany, called the ___ | Dawes Plan, 1924 |
| The ___ provided Germany with a seat in the league as of 1926. Germany agreed not to violate the borders of France and Belgium and keep Rhineland demilitarized. | Treaty of Locarno (Locarno, Switzerland) |
| In the ___, the US would lend $ to Germany, guarantee currency with new currency & allow Germans to make smaller payments | Dawes Plan, 1924 |
| Feb. 27, 1933 an arsonist burns down ___ building and allows Hitler to blame German communist and that they have been attacked. (really done by Nazis) | Reichstag (Fire) |
| Following the Reichstag Fire on March 5, 1933, the legislation passed (without parliamentary approval) to suspend constitutional government for four years in order to meet the crisis in the German economy. | Enabling Act |
| Legislation enacted by the Nazis in 1935 that deprived Jewish Germans of their citizenship and imposed many other hardships on them. | Nuremberg Laws |
| 60 nations, including US, Germany, and France sign to formally reject international violence and will never fight again (but have no way to enforce). | Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928) |
| Bloody ___, during which hundreds of SA leaders and innocent civilians were killed, enhanced Hitler's support among conservatives. | Night of Long Knives (June 30, 1934) |
| An alliance of political parties (initially led by Leon Blum in France) in the 1930s to resist fascism despite philosophical differences. | Popular Front |
| During the Night of Long Knives, Hitler had his longtime collaborator and leader of the SA assassinated. Who was this man? | Ernst Roehm |
| ___ was founded in March 1919 with the purpose of a centrally run organization dedicated to preaching communism. | Comintern (Communist International), the Third International |
| The parliamentary republic established in 1919 in Germany to replace the monarchy. | Weimar Republic |
| What treason event involved Hitler and the German WWI military hero Erich Ludendorff? | Beer Hall Putsh, November 1923 |
| What anti-Semitic book did Hitler write while in in prison? | Mein Kampf (My Struggle) |
| Literally, "living space"; the land that Hitler proposed to conquer so that true Aryans might have sufficient space to live their noble lives. | Lebensraum |
| German Nazi word for Master race; pure race | Herrenvolk |
| German Nazi word for an inferior race | Untermenchen |
| German president who appointed Nazi leader Hitler as Chancellor of Germany. | Paul von Hindenburg |
| In 1938, Hitler entered and absorbed what country that France and allies do nothing to stop him. | Austria, Anschluss |
| ___ headed the elite Schutzstaffel (SS), an organization that protected Hitler, and he commanded the Reich's political police system. | Heinrich Himmler |
| German politician and Reich Minister of Propaganda in Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945. | Joseph Goebbels |
| The agreement reached in 1939 by Germany and the Soviet Union in which both agreed not to attack the other in case of war and to divide any conquered territories. | Nazi-Soviet Pact |
| At the start of WWII in September 1939, the German ___ was the most battle-experienced in the world. | Luftwaffe (air force) |
| Literally, "lightning war"; a strategy for the conduct of war in which motorized firepower quickly and overwhelmingly attacks the enemy, leaving it unable to resist psychologically or militarily. | Blitzkrieg |
| In 1940, who did Churchill replace as Prime Minister after his failed appeasements with Hitler obviously did not work? | Neville Chamberlain |
| At the start of WWII, the lack of active warfare on the western front was termed a "Phony war" or by the Germans, ___. | Sitzkrieg |
| May/June 1940, Germans pushed British and French soldiers to ___, where they were rescued by naval ships, fishing boats and pleasure crafts. | (Miracle of) Dunkirk |
| Area of Czechoslovakia that Hitler occupied in October, 1938 that would later not be opposed to in the Munich Pact. | Sudetenland |
| German special unit that targeted Jews in particular and committed mass killings. | Einzatsgruppen |
| The systematic mass murder or genocide of six million Jews, referred by the Germans as the "Final Solution". | Holocaust |
| June 22, 1941, Axis Powers began invasion of Russia, but Russians gave them more of a fight than anticipated and only made it to outskirt of Moscow. | Operation Barbarossa |
| Largest concentration camp until liberated on January 27, 1945 by Soviet troops. | Auschwitz |
| Soviets wanted N. France opened to relieve pressure on Soviet front, but did not happen until June 6, 1944 with Operation Overload (Normandy Invasion). | Second Front |
| Battle from August 1942-Febuary 1943 that was 1st major defeat for Germany and allowed Soviets to drive westward. | Stalingrad |
| British victory over German African core in North Africa, 1942. | El Alamein |
| Biggest tank battle of WWII (July 1943) were Germans desired to attack Moscow from behind. Hitler's Waterloo, 500,000 men gone. | Battle of Kursk |
| Dec. 16, 1944-Jan. 31, 1945 Major German offense in Ardennes mountain region (Belgium/France), surprised US & British, however major German defeat, last strike in the West. | Battle of the Bulge |
| Also know as 'D-Day' & 'Normandy Invasion', was opening of 2nd Front when Allied troops stormed the beaches on June 6, 1944 and lead to the liberation of the French. | Operation Overload |
| Code name for US/British campaign (started 8th, Nov. 1942) to invade and clear Axis powers in N. Africa. | Operation Torch |
| July/August 1943, Allied campaign to invade Sicily, opening an Italian invasion and toppling of Mussolini. | Operation Husky |
| 28 Nov-1 Dec. 1943. First meeting between the 'Big Three': Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin. Committed to Operation Overload. | Teheran Conference |
| Feb. 1945. Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin meet and decide how they will divide Germany and Europe's post-war reorganization. | Yalta Conference |
| Roosevelt Died | April 12, 1945 |
| 17 July-2 Aug. 1945. Truman, Attlee, and Stalin meet to decide post-war order and peace treaties. Also when Truman learned of atomic bomb. | Potsdam Conference |
| Aug. 6, 1945. Atomic bomb "Little Boy" launched | Hiroshima |
| V. E. Day (Victory Europe) | May 8, 1945 |
| V. J. Day (Victory Japan) | September 2, 1945 |
| Soviet reference of Soviets fighting Nazi Germany | The Great Patriotic War |
| A doctrine that emphasized violence and glorified the state over the people and their individual or civil rights. | fascism |
| The rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union following WWII that led to massive growth in nuclear weapons on both sides. | cold war |
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