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Final-Anthropology
| Word | Definition |
|---|---|
| Culture | The customs, arts, social institutions, and achievements of a particular nation, people, or other social group |
| Enculturated | The process by which a person learns the requirements of the culture by which he or she is surrounded, and acquires values and behaviors that are appropriate or necessary in that culture |
| Society | The community of people living in a particular country or region and having shared customs, laws, and organizations |
| Idiosyncratic | A structural or behavioral characteristic peculiar to an individual or group. |
| Gender | "A role one plays" |
| Sex | Biological Category (Male/female) |
| Sub-Cultures | A cultural group within a larger culture, often having beliefs or interests at variance with those of the larger culture |
| Ethnic Groups | People of the same race or nationality who share a distinctive culture |
| Ethnicity | The fact or state of belonging to a social group that has a common national or cultural tradition |
| Pluralistic Society | A society that accepts people with different ethnic origins, religious views, and political opinions |
| Symbols | A thing that represents or stands for something else, esp. a material object representing something abstract |
| Social Structure | How society is organized and constructed |
| Infrastructure | {Material/Economic} |
| Superstructure | {Values & Beliefs} |
| Ethnocentrism | Seeing one's own group's way of doing things as the normal and desirable way |
| Cultural Relativism | The ability to view the beliefs and customs of other peoples within the context of their culture rather than one's own |
| Incest Taboo | Sexual relations between people classed as being too closely related to marry each other |
| Endogamy | Marriage within one's own tribe or group as required by custom or law |
| Exogamy | The custom of marrying outside a community, clan, or tribe |
| Marriage | A social union or legal contract between people that creates kinship |
| Monogamy | The practice or state of having a sexual relationship with only one partner |
| Serial Monogamy | The fact or practice of engaging in a series of monogamous sexual relationships |
| Polygamy | One person with several spouses |
| Polygyny | One man with several women |
| Polyandry | One woman with several men |
| Group Marriage | Several men and women with sexual access to each other |
| Parallel Cousins | Mother's sisters' children and father's brothers' children |
| Cross Cousins | Mother's brothers' children and father's sisters' children |
| Bride-Price | |
| Bride-Service | Husband works for wife's family |
| Dowry | Property or money brought by a bride to her husband on their marriage {"Insurance"} |
| Household | A house and its occupants regarded as a unit |
| Patrilocal | Living with the family of the husband |
| Matrilocal | Living with the family of the wife |
| Neolocal | Living together in a new residence |
| Family | A group of people related to one another by blood or marriage |
| Conjugal | Of or relating to marriage or the relationship between husband and wife |
| Nuclear | A family consisting of parents and their children and grandparents of a marital partner |
| Extended | A family that extends beyond the nuclear family, including grandparents, aunts, uncles, and other relatives, who all live nearby or in one household |
| Worldview | A particular philosophy of life or conception of the world |
| Naturalistic | The doctrine that the world can be understood in scientific terms without recourse to spiritual or supernatural explanations |
| Western (Modern) | Of or originating from the noncommunist states of Europe and North America in contrast to the Eastern bloc |
| Religion | The belief in and worship of a superhuman controlling power, esp. a personal God or gods |
| Polytheism | The belief in or worship of more than one god |
| Pantheon | All the gods of a people or religion collectively |
| Monotheism | The doctrine or belief that there is only one God |
| Ancestral Spirits | A spirit that is attached to a person because of the family they were born into, a group they have been initiated into, or the line of spiritual teachers they descend from |
| Animisim | {Living only} |
| Animatism | {Living or inanimate} |
| Priests/Priestesses | A person who performs religious ceremonies and duties in a non-Christian religion |
| Shaman | One acting as a medium between the visible and spirit worlds |
| Rites of Passage | A rite of passage is a ritual event that marks a person's progress from one status to another |
| Separation | The action or state of moving or being moved apart |
| Transition | The process or a period of changing from one state or condition to another |
| Incorporation | Uniting or merging with something already in existence |
| Spirituality | Concern for that which is unseen and intangible, as opposed to physical or mundane; Appreciation for religious values |
| Magic | The power of apparently influencing the course of events by using mysterious or supernatural forces |
| Witchcraft | The use of spells and the invocation of spirits |
| Modernization | The process by which cultures are forced to accept traits from outside. |
| Technological Development | The process of research and development of technology |
| Agricultural Development | Development of the agricultural sector of the economy |
| Urbanization | The social process whereby cities grow and societies become more urban |
| Industrialization | Made faster and more efficient with the help of machines. |
| Telecommunication | Communication over a distance by cable, telegraph, telephone, or broadcasting |
| Multiculturalism | The doctrine that several different cultures (rather than one national culture) can coexist peacefully and equitably in a single country |
| Structural Power | The power to change the rules of the game for others |
| Hard Power | A coercive approach to international political relations {military} |
| Soft Power | A persuasive approach to international relations {economic or cultural} |
| Structural Violence | Human suffering that is caused by the exploitive or unjust nature in which social, political, legal, cultural and economic institutions are constructed |
| Internal Migration | Permanent movement within the same country |
| External Migration | Permanent movement outside the same country |
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