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Ch 6 Ancient Rome
from the republic to the fall of an empire
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a republic? [6:1] | a form of government in which citizens vote for their representatives |
| Who were patricians? [6:1] | aristocratic landowners who held most of the power in republican Rome; inherited power & social status |
| Who were plebeians? [6:1] | common farmers, merchants and artisans who made up the majority of Roman population; could vote but not hold high offices |
| Who were tribunes? [6:1] | representatives of the plebeians who formed their own assembly in Rome |
| What was the Twelve Tables? [6:1] | first written law code in Rome; all citizens had protection of the law |
| Who were consuls? [6:1] | Roman officials who commanded the army and directed government; served in pairs for one-year terms |
| What was the Senate? [6:1] | aristocratic branch of Roman government composed of 300 members of upper classes; had legislative and administrative powers |
| What was a dictator? [6:1] | leader who had absolute power to make laws and command army; was appointed in times of crisis for 6 month terms by the Senate |
| What was the Roman Legion? [6:1] | large military units of 5000 foot soldiers; each had a nickname and flag (its eagle). subdivided into smaller units called a Century (80 men) and Calvary units |
| What was important about Rome's location? [6:1] | gave it strategic advantage for trade or war in the center of the Mediterranean Sea |
| Why did Rome battle Carthage? [6:1] | Punic Wars fought three times between 264 and 146 BC for control of the Mediterranean trade, setting the stage for more conquests to the East |
| What led to the collapse of the Republic? [6:2] | attempt to reform land led by Tiberius & Gaius Gracchus led to civil war with the aristocratic Senate; military generals assumed control, leading to instability |
| Who was Julius Caesar? [6:2] | Roman general who conquered Gaul and seized power as dictator for life, gaining popular support by providing pensions and land to common people before being assassinated by jealous rivals (nobles & senators) |
| What is an absolute ruler? [6:2] | one who has total power over government |
| How did Rome become an Empire? [6:2] | following Caesar's death, his adopted son Octavian defeated rivals and accepted title of "Augustus"-(exalted one) & title of "imperator"-(supreme military commander), from which the term emperor comes from |
| What was the Pax Romana? [6:2] | period of peace and prosperity (27 BC - 180 AD) as the Roman Empire expanded to over 3 million square miles from all of Europe to North Africa and the Middle East regions |
| Who were the apostles [6:3] | disciples of Jesus who are thought to have written the gospels of the New Testament |
| Who was Paul? [6:3] | a convert to the followers of Jesus who became a major influence on the spread of Christianity, preaching the gospel of salvation and writing letters that became part of the New Testament that welcomed all non-Jews to the faith |
| What was the Diaspora? [6:3] | the expulsion of Jews from their homeland in Palestine by Roman armies in 135 AD |
| what is a bishop? [6:3] | a priest who supervised other local churches; tradition says Peter became the first bishop of Rome |
| What is a Pope? [6:3] | the father or head of the Christian Church; since Rome was head of the Empire, the bishop of Rome was considered the head of the church |
| Who was Constantine? [6:3] | Roman emperor who saw sign of the cross before an important battle and ended the persecution of Christians in Rome. it became official religion of the Empire |
| What is heresy? [6:3] | any teaching or belief that appeared to contradict the teachings of the church in Rome |
| What was the Nicene Creed? [6:3] | council that met to define the basic beliefs of the church and chose which scriptures became part of the Bible |
| Who was Augustine? [6:3] | bishop of Hippo in Africa who wrote text: City of God; "God's heavenly city could not be destroyed despite the fall of Rome" |
| What caused the Decline of Rome? [6:4] | high cost of maintaining the Empire led to inflation and high taxes; poor harvests; constant invasions by Germanic tribes & use of mercenaries who fought for money instead of loyalty to Rome; corruption of political leaders; too large to keep united |
| Who was Diocletian? [6:4] | emperor who temporarily restored the empire, then divided it into Greek-speaking east & Latin-speaking west to govern more efficiently |
| What is Constantinople [6:4] | city that became the capital when Constantine moved his court from Rome to Byzantium-renamed Constantinople (city of Constantine); this action would shift power and wealth to the eastern empire, and lead to decline of Rome |
| Who were the Huns? [6:4] | fierce Mongol nomads who moved into Eastern Europe forcing Germanic tribes to move into Roman territory |
| What were the Germanic invasions? [6:4] | fleeing the Huns, Ostrogoths, Visigoths, Franks, Angles, Saxons and Vandal tribes invaded Western Roman Empire, overwhelming the defenses and leading to Rome's fall in 476 AD |
| What is Classical Civilization? [6:5] | combination of Hellenistic, Greek and Roman culture that was preserved by the Byzantine Empire in the East after Rome's fall |
| What were some of the Roman achievements? [6:5] | Latin became the language of learning/church; the arch, the dome, and concrete allowed the construction of the Colosseum/other large structures; aqueducts brought water into cities; roads of stone and concrete connected the empire and made travel easier |
Created by:
wm0397
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