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Path 21
Placental and Perinatal Pathology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What vessels are found in the umbilical cord | There is one umbilical vein and two umbilical arteries |
| The fetal membranes are composed of what to parts | the innermost amnion and the outer chorion |
| What is it called when twins coexist in a single gestational sac adn there are no intervening membranes | monochorionic monoamniotic placental monozygotic twins |
| What is it called when there are two gestational sacs separated by membranes consisting only of amnion | Monochorionic diamniotic placenta monozygotic twins |
| what is it called when there are two gestational sacs separated by membranes consisting of both amnion and chorion | Dichorionic, diamniotic placenta with monozygotic or dizygotic twins |
| What is placenta previa | premature separation with vaginal bleeding and premature labor (more common in 1st trimester) |
| Placenta Accreta is limited to? | superficial myometrium |
| Placenta Increta invades? | myometrium |
| Placenta Percreta extends to or through? | uterine serosa |
| Uterine rupture is usually limited to Placenta Accreta, Increta, or Percreta? | Percreta |
| What is a false knot | a false knot occurs wehn the umbilical vessels have a circuitous course causing the umbilical cord to bunch up |
| What is a true knot | defined as a knot that when pulled tight can restrict fetal blood flow |
| What is a velamentous insertion? | when the ocrd inserts into the fetal membranes rather than onto the placental disc |
| What are amniotic bands | strips of amnion that can wrap around fetal structures causing a disruption of normal development |
| Define Pregnancy Induced Hypertension | The blood pressure of a pregnant woman who was previously normotensive rises to 140/90 mm Hg or greater after 20 weeks gestation |
| What is preeclampsia | PIH plus proteinuria |
| What is HELLP syndrome | PIH with the triald of hemolytic anemia, elevated liver enzymes, and Low Platelets |
| What is Eclampsia | Preeclampsia plus seizures or coma |
| What is Placental Abruption | placenta prematurely separates from the underlying muscular wall of the uterus (painful bleeding vs painles with placenta previa) |
| What causes a partial mole | A partial mole results when an egg is fertilized by a single sperm, which undergoes reduplication or by dispermy |
| What causes a complete mole | an empty egg is fertilized by a single sperm which undergoes reduplication or by dispermy |
| What does APGAR stand for? | Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration |
| What is a normal APGAR | greater than 7 |
| Prematurity is when babies are born before ? | 37 weeks |
| what is extreme prematurity | When babies are born before 28 weeks |
| What is considered a low birth weight | <2500 gm |
| What is considered a very low birth weight | <1500 gm |
| What is considered an extremely low birth weight | <1000 gm |
| What is another term used to describe RDS | hyaline membrane disease |
| What is the underlying cause of RDS in premature infants | Surfactant deficiency |
| When do the type II pneumocytes start making surfactant | at 24-28 wks |
| What is the most vulnerable area for Intraventricular Hemorrhage | Subependymal germinal matrix |
| What is Fetal Hydrops | a state of profound fetal edema with excessive fluid in the pleural, pericardia, and abdominal spaces as well as subcutaneous tissue |
| What are the two main types of Hydrops | Immune and Non-Immune |
| What is placental chorangioma | benign vascular tumor of the fetal vessels of the placenta |
Created by:
UVAPATH1
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