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Chapter 11: Islam
Chapter 11 Flashcards
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Where is Arabia located? | The Arabian Penisula |
| What was the geography like in Arabia? | Some oases and mountain valleys, which led them to being pastoral and sometimes sedentary agricultural. |
| The Silk and Sea Roads went through Arabia, which... | the trade let cities grow. |
| The early Arabs partook in what religion(s)? | They worshipped spirits and adopted Eastern Orthodox Christianity, Judaism, and Zoroastrianism. |
| Where is Kaaba? | Mecca, a holy land for Muslims. |
| What is Kaaba? | It was orginally a shrine for early spirits and gods but later the Muslims claimed Ishmael built it. |
| What did the Quraysh (Mecca's dominant tribe) do to make money off Kaaba? | They charged taxes and fees to see it. |
| How are Islam, Christianity and Judaism alike? | They are all monotheistic and shared prophets. |
| Who was the monotheistic God Muslims worhsip? | Allah. |
| How are Jewish prophets, Jesus, and Muhammad alike? | Demanded social justice. |
| What must every Muslim say after speaking about the Prophet Muhammad? | Peace be upon him. (pbuH) |
| What was Muhammad's childhood like? | Born in Mecca, became an orphan and later on a successful merchant. |
| How did Muhammad come up with the Quran (the new testmant of Allah)? | The Angel Gabriel came to him and gave it to him, saying God was unhappy with the way people had been worshipping. |
| What are the basics of what Allah wanted and put in the Quran? | Pure religion of Abraham: one god, no drinking, no idols, no pork, and that people should submit to God. |
| What society exsisted in Arabia before Islam? | There were many tribes and clans that ruled the country. |
| How did the message of the Quran challenge the tribes and clans of Arab society? | It challenged polytheism. |
| What is umma? | Just and moral society of Islam. |
| What did umma replace in Arabia? | Tribal, ethnic, and racial identities. |
| What did umma set an example of? | It showed other societies how to live righteously. |
| What is the first Pillar of Islam? | No god but Allah and Muhammad is the messenger of God. |
| What is the second Pillar of Islam? | Pray five times a day towards Mecca. |
| What is the third Pillar of Islam? | Generously give your wealth to maintain the community and help the needy. |
| What is the fourth Pillar of Islam? | Participate in Ramadan (month of fasting). No food, no drink, no sex. From dawn until sundown anyway. ;) |
| What is the fifth Pillar of Islam? | Pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in your life. (the Hajj) |
| What is the Real Jihad? | The great jihad, the struggle to live a pure and good life for God. Sometimes called the sixth Pillar. |
| What is the lesser Jihad? | Jihad of the sword, which means to defend God against his enemies. |
| Defend God against his enemies you say? So Muslims are evil? | No, the Quran says killing is wrong (just like everybody else SUPRISE) for any reason, be it killing Muslims or non-Muslims. |
| But don't some Muslims kill in the name of Allah? | Yes but those are the crazy ones. Most Muslims say if you're a killer, you are not Muslim. |
| How was umma different from the traditional tribes of Arab society? | The umma was a SUPERtribe, with a cape. |
| How could you be a "member" of the umma? | You just had to believe. |
| Who was in charge of the umma? | Muhammad, who had all the political and religious authority. |
| What happened when Muhammad was a political leader? | He outlawed usury (loaning to the poor and charging huge interest rates),taxes were removed on markets, and mandatory payment to the poor was imposed. |
| Christianity vs. Governemnt | Jesus said "giving to Caesar what is Caesar's and to God what is God's". |
| Judaism vs. Government | There was a natural seperation between faith and government. |
| Islam vs. Government | Not only was Muhammad a religious figure, he was a political and military leader as well. |
| In Islam there isn't a distinction between what? | Religious law and civil law. |
| The Arab state became a... | huge empire. |
| The Arab empire encompassed what civilizations? | Parts of Egypt, Rome/Byzantine, Persia, Mesopotamia, and some Indian civilizations. |
| The Arabs created a very large empire by uniting it by what? | Faith: Islam. |
| Unlike Persia and Byzantium, Islam didn't have what? | A lot of internal fighting. |
| Muslims were famous for what? | Trading. |
| What was one reason the Arab empire wanted to expand? | To protect the umma and to provide righteous governments to the people they conquered. |
| Muhammad had a small following in Mecca but what happened? | The tribal leaders opposed him. |
| So, what did Muhammad do after the tribal leaders opposed him? | He took a group and left to Medina, came back with an army, fought the tribal leaders, and converted the city. BAMF |
| How are Christianity and Islam different? | Islam was not a persectued minority religion like Christianity in the Roman Empire and it didn't separate church and state. |
| Where did the Battle of Talas River take place? | Asia |
| When did the Battle of Tala River take place? | 751 |
| Why did the Battle of Tala River leave lasting consequences for Asia? | The Arabs seized major oases towns of Central Asia, at Talas River in Kazakhstan, the Arabs beat some Chinese army butt. |
| What lesson did the Chinese learn after the Battle of Tala River? | Y'all ain't the bees knees no more. |
| WHat did it mean by when Jews, Christians, and Zoroastrians were referred to as "people of the book"? | They were respected/protected the same as Muslims. |
| What does dhimmi mean? | "People of the book" |
| Dhimmi also allowed Jews, Christians, and Zoroastrains to do what? | Practice their religion in Muslim countries, but they had to pay a "head tax" because they weren't Muslim. |
| What made it easy to convert to Islam? | Because Judaism, Christianity, and Zoroastrainism were so similar to Islam. |
| Who were some of the first Islam converts? | Slaves and prisoners of war so that they could avoid the head tax. |
| Why did merchants favour Islam so much? | Muhammad was a trader and the religion itself was friendly to commerce. |
| What were the "Rightly Guided Caliphs"? | The first, third, and fourth caliph. |
| Who was the first caliph? | Abu Bakr. The Shias disliked him because he was not related to Muhammad, he was a close friend. |
| What kind of struggles did Abu Bakr have to go through? | Rebellions and claims of new "prophets" just because he was not related to Muhammad. |
| Who was the third caliph? | Uthman, he was assassinated. |
| Who was the forth caliph? | Ali, he was also assassinated which lead to a civil war among the Muslims. |
| Who was the first family who ruled after the Rightly Guided Caliphs? | The Umayyad's (ruled 661-750). |
| What did the Umayyad dynasty accomplish? | They expanded the empire and were miltary driven. |
| Where was the capital during the Umayyad dynasty? | Damascus, Syria |
| Why did Umayyad rule provoke growing criticism and unrest? | The Shia viewed the Umayyad caliphs as illegitimate usurpers. |
| Why did Arabians protest the Umayyads? | They disapproved of the luxurious living of their rulers. |
| What is the Muslim law? | Sharia, which tells Muslims what to do and how to be. |
| Why did many Muslims not like the Sufis? | They were too mystical for them. |
| What's the main differnce between Shia and Sunni Islam? | They disagreed on who should be the caliph. |
| What is a calihp anyway? | The successor of Muhammad and leader of the Muslims. |
| What did the Shia think about who should be the caliph? | The caliph must be related to Muhammad. Since the first four caliphs were not related to Muhammad, they trusted imams instead. |
| What are imams? | Islamic spiritual leaders. |
| What did the Sunni think about who should be the caliph? | That the ulama should select the caliph and it doesn't matter if his is related to Muhammad or not. |
| What are ulamas? | Religious scholars and wise men. |
| Who overthrew the Umayyad Dynasty? | The Abbasids, who moved the capital to Baghdad, Iraq. |
| What did the Abbasids accomplish? | They had an even bigger empire than the Umayyad's. |
| In Abbasid rule, what was the government like? | Many non-Arabs could have roles in the government. The power of the caliph gave way to local governors (sultans) who had a lot of influence by Turkish and Persian leaders. |
| What did the Sufis think? | That the worldly success of Islam was a bad thing. |
| So what did the Sufis do? | They made Islam very mystical and wanted to see the real side of Allah through prayer and meditation. |
| What did Sufis think about government? | Who needs it mane? |
| What did the Sufis do a lot? | Dance and sing to become closer to Allah, and they could also reach him by veneration (great respect) of Him or saints. |
| How did Sufis feel about the Sharia law? | That it was not enough. |
| How did Sufis feel about the Quran? | That it only went so far. |
| How did Sufis feel about the ulama? | That it was corrupted by interacting with governments and "the world". |
| What did the Quran say about women? | That women and men were equal but there were still restrictions. |
| What did the Quran forbid for women? | Infanticide was prohibited. Women could not have numerous husbands, and veiling and seclusion became common for women. Ultimately, women are subordinate to men. |
| What freedoms did the Quran give women? | They had control of their own property and got dowries and inheritance. There was also no marriage by capture. |
| What rights did women have in early Islamic times? | They could play visible public roles and some women gained literacy from Islamic schools. |
| What rights did Sufis and Shia women Muslims have? | Sufis women were equal to men and Shia had "mullahs", woman faith teachers. |
| How did the Hadiths feel about women? | The sayings of Muhammad restricted women much more than Quran. |
| The patriarchy is making a comeback in the Middle East, what? | In some areas, local laws took power from the Quran. For example if a women cheated on her husband, public honor killings or female circumcision was performed on them by their husbands. |
| How were women viewed? | As weak, deficient and "a sexually charged threat to men". |
| What happened to women who violated the "pure family"? | They got in big trouble and could be HONOR KILLED. WUT WUT |
| What rights did women have in early Islamic times? | They could play visible public roles and some women gained literacy from Islamic schools. |
| How did the Sufis convert Indians and Anatolians? | Sufis women were equal to men and Shia had "mullahs", woman faith teachers. |
| How did Islam affect India, West Africa, Spain, and Anatolia? | It became one of the many faiths in India, West Africa and Spain and became the dominant faith in Anatolia. |
| What did the Turks do to India? | They invaded and destroyed Hindu and Buddhist temples. |
| The patriarchy is making a comeback in the Middle East, what? | Buddhists and low-caste Hindus because it seemed prestigious. |
| How were women viewed? | As weak, deficient and "a sexually charged threat to men". Do you need some ice for that burn? |
| How did Islam spread to India, Anatolia, and Spain? | By conquest and traders. |
| How did the Sufis convert Indians and Anatolians? | By accommodating local traditions. |
| Islam brought the idea of _______ to India which challenged _______. | equality, the caste system |
| How did Islam affect India, West Africa, Spain, and Anatolia? | It became one of the many faiths in India, West Africa and Spain and became the dominant faith in Anatolia. |
| What did the Turks do to India? | They invaded and destroyed Hindu and Buddhist temples. |
| What Indians liked Islam? | Buddhists and low-caste Hindus because it seemed prestigious. |
| In India Sufis became... | holy men and lots of Hindus ended up serving Muslim leaders. |
| What is Sikhism? | A new religion founded in the the 1500s, which blended ideas of Islam and Hinduism. |
| Islam brought _______ to India which challenged _______. | monotheism, polytheism |
| Islam brought the idea of _______ to India which challenged _______. | equality, the caste system |
| Islam brought the idea of _______ to India which challenged _______. | sexual modesty, open eroticism |
| Anatolia was __% Muslims while India was __% Muslim. | 90%, 25% |
| Why was Anatolia so much easier to convert to Islam? | It was smaller and united by the Turkic language. |
| ________ was banned in Anatolia. | Christianity |
| India's conversion to Islam vs. Anatolia's converion to Islam | India kept most of its original cultural aspects and Anatolia became a copy of Arabia |
| What happened to Anatolia converts? | They were rewarded with high government positions. |
| How did Islam come to North and West Africa? | Traders |
| Where did Islam go in North and West Africa? | Urban centres. |
| What were some places in Africa that adopted Islam? | Timbuktu in Mali. |
| Africa adopted many Islamic... | schools, universities, huge libraries and the Arabic language. |
| How did Islam come to Spain? | When the Arabs and Berbers (north Africans) invaded Spain in the 700s. |
| Did Islam become the dominant religion in Spain? | No, Christiainity and Judaism remaind and the Christians, Muslims, and Jews all got along up until 1000. |
| Who were Mozarabs? | Christians who adopted Islamic culture but not religion. |
| Why was commerce in the Islamic world a positive thing? | Muhammad had been a trader himself. |
| Why was commerce in the Islamic world a positive thing? | Pilgrimage to Mecca fostered commerce. |
| Why was commerce in the Islamic world a positive thing? | When Islam grew, so did urbanizations which promoted trade. |
| What types of agricultural products found their way to the Middle East and Africa? | Rice, sugarcane, new strains, of sorghum, hard wheat, bananas, lemons, limes, watermelon, coconumt palms, spiach, arichokes, and cotton. |
| What kinds of inventions did the Muslims take from the Chinese and improve? | Rockets and paper. HIGH TECH |
| Anciet Greek texts about... | science, medicine, philosophy, and astrology were all translated to Arabic. |
| What's the number one reason of why we should hate the Arabics? | They created algebra. |
| What two famous travelers visited many places in the 13th and 14th centuries? | Ibn Battuta and Marco Polo. |
| Because of Marco Polo's travel what did the Europeans discover? | Islamic civilizaton was the central fact of the Afro-Eurasian world. |
| What happened after 1700? | The Europeans increasingly assumed the central role in affairs. |
| What was a reason for the rapid spread of Islam in seventh-century Arabia? | The new faith was religiously appealing. |
| What was a reason for the rapid spread of Islam in seventh-century Arabia? | Successful Muslim raiding promised material gain to members of the faith. |
| What was a reason for the rapid spread of Islam in seventh-century Arabia? | Muhammad crafted a series of marriage alliances with leading tribes. |
| Muslims, when spreading Islam, rarely used ______ to make the religion more appealing. | force |
| Of which region is it true that Islam spread especially among merchants, thanks to their inclusion in a major Islamic trading network, rather than through conquest and Islamic rule? | West Africa |
| What was something that the Islam gave to West Africa in the premodern period? | A common language, Arabic, for administration and trade. |
| What was something that the Islam gave to West Africa in the premodern period? | Religious legitimacy for rulers. |
| What was something that the Islam gave to West Africa in the premodern period? | A sense of participation in a wider world. |
Created by:
1213RachelBlair
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