Question 1

wrist adduction (ulnar flexion)

Accepted Answer

movement of pinkie side of hand toward medial aspect or ulnar side of forearm; also, movement of fingers toward middle finger

Question 2

wrist extension

Accepted Answer

movement of back of hand and or phalanges toward posterior or dorsal aspect of forearm

Question 3

wrist flexion

Accepted Answer

movement of palm of hand and or phalanges toward anterior or volar aspect of forearm

Question 4

glenohumeral abduction

Accepted Answer

upward lateral movement of humerus out to the side, away from the body

Question 5

glenohumeral flexion

Accepted Answer

movement of humerus straight anteriorly

Question 6

glenohumeral horizontal adduction

Accepted Answer

movement of humerus in a horizontal or transverse plane toward and across chest; transverse flexion

Question 7

glenohumeral diagonal adduction

Accepted Answer

movement of humerus in a diagonal plane toward midline of body

Question 8

glenohumeral diagonal abduction

Accepted Answer

movement of humerus in a diagonal plane away from the midline of body

Question 9

glenohumeral horizontal abduction

Accepted Answer

movement of humerus in a horizontal or transverse plane away from chest; transverse extension

Question 10

glenohumeral external rotation

Accepted Answer

movement of humerus laterally around its long axis away from midline

Question 11

glenohumeral adduction

Accepted Answer

downward movement of humerus medially toward body from abduction

Question 12

glenohumeral extension

Accepted Answer

movement of humerus straight posteriorly

Question 13

glenohumeral internal rotation

Accepted Answer

movement of humerus medially around its long axis toward midline

Question 14

elbow flexion

Accepted Answer

movement of forearm to shoulder by bending elbow to decrease its angle

Question 15

elbow extension

Accepted Answer

movement of forearm away from shoulder by straightening elbow to increase its angle

Question 16

forearm supination

Accepted Answer

external rotary movement of radius on ulna that results in hand moving from palm down to PALM UP position

Question 17

forearm pronation

Accepted Answer

internal rotary movement of radius on ulna that results in hand moving from palm up to PALM DOWN position

Question 18

scapular adduction (retraction/medial tilt)

Accepted Answer

movement of the scapula medially (toward the spinal column); ie pinching the shoulder blades together

Question 19

scapular abduction (protraction/lateral tilt)

Accepted Answer

movement of the scapula laterally (away from the spinal column); ie reaching for an object in front of the body

Question 20

scapular downward rotation

Accepted Answer

inferior angle of scapula moves medially and inferiorly toward the spinal column, the glenoid fossa returns to its normal position; ie bringing the arm down to the side

Question 21

scapular upward rotation

Accepted Answer

inferior angle of the scapula moves superiorly and laterally away from the spinal column, the glenoid fossa turns upward; ie raising the arm out to the side

Question 22

scapular depression

Accepted Answer

downward or inferior movement of the scapula; ie returning to a normal position after a shoulder shrug

Question 23

scapular elevation

Accepted Answer

upward or superior movement of the scapula; ie shrugging the shoulders

Question 24

hip flexion

Accepted Answer

movement of femur straight anteriorly toward pelvis

Question 25

hip extension

Accepted Answer

movement of femur straight posteriorly away from pelvis

Question 26

hip abduction

Accepted Answer

movement of femur laterally to side away from midline

Question 27

hip adduction

Accepted Answer

movement of femur medially toward midline

Question 28

hip internal (medial) rotation

Accepted Answer

rotary movement of femur medially around its longitudinal axis toward midline

Question 29

hip external (lateral) rotation

Accepted Answer

rotary movement of femur laterally around its longitudinal axis away from midline

Question 30

knee extension

Accepted Answer

straightening or increasing the angle between the femur and the lower leg; tibia externally rotates to align condyles

Question 31

knee flexion

Accepted Answer

bending or decreasing the angle between the femur and the lower leg

Question 32

knee external rotation

Accepted Answer

rotary movement of lower leg laterally away from midline, if flexed 20-30 degrees

Question 33

knee internal rotation

Accepted Answer

rotary movement of lower leg medially toward midline, if flexed 20-30 degrees

Question 34

ankle dorsiflexion

Accepted Answer

movement of top of ankle and foot toward anterior tibia

Question 35

ankle plantar flexion

Accepted Answer

movement of ankle and foot away from tibia

Question 36

eversion (ankle abduction)

Accepted Answer

turning ankle and foot outward, putting weight on medial edge of foot

Question 37

inversion (ankle adduction)

Accepted Answer

turning ankle and foot inward, putting weight on lateral edge of foot

Question 38

toe flexion

Accepted Answer

movement of toes toward plantar surface of foot

Question 39

toe extension

Accepted Answer

movement of toes away from plantar surface of foot

Question 40

wrist abduction (radial flexion)

Accepted Answer

movement of thumb side of hand toward lateral aspect or radial side of forearm; also, movement of fingers away from middle finger

segmental movements

kinesiology/biomechanics

movement	action	agonists
wrist adduction (ulnar flexion)	movement of pinkie side of hand toward medial aspect or ulnar side of forearm; also, movement of fingers toward middle finger	-flexor carpi ulnaris -extensor carpi ulnaris
wrist extension	movement of back of hand and or phalanges toward posterior or dorsal aspect of forearm	-extensor carpi radialis longus -extensor carpi radialis brevis -extensor carpi ulnaris -extensor digitorum -extensor indicis -extensor digiti minimi -extensor pollicis longus -extensor pollicis brevis -abductor pollicis longus
wrist flexion	movement of palm of hand and or phalanges toward anterior or volar aspect of forearm	-flexor carpi radialis -flexor carpi ulnaris -palmaris longus -flexor digitorum superficialis -flexor digitorum profundus -flexor pollicis longus
glenohumeral abduction	upward lateral movement of humerus out to the side, away from the body	-deltoid -upper pectoralis major -supraspinatus
glenohumeral flexion	movement of humerus straight anteriorly	-anterior deltoid -upper pectoralis major
glenohumeral horizontal adduction	movement of humerus in a horizontal or transverse plane toward and across chest; transverse flexion	-anterior deltoid -pectoralis major -coracobrachialis
glenohumeral diagonal adduction	movement of humerus in a diagonal plane toward midline of body	-anterior deltoid -coracobrachialis -pectoralis major -biceps brachii (short head)
glenohumeral diagonal abduction	movement of humerus in a diagonal plane away from the midline of body	-posterior deltoid -infraspinatus -teres minor -triceps brachii (long head)
glenohumeral horizontal abduction	movement of humerus in a horizontal or transverse plane away from chest; transverse extension	-posterior deltoid -middle deltoid -infraspinatus -teres minor
glenohumeral external rotation	movement of humerus laterally around its long axis away from midline	-infraspinatus -teres minor
glenohumeral adduction	downward movement of humerus medially toward body from abduction	-latissimus dorsi -teres major -lower pectoralis major
glenohumeral extension	movement of humerus straight posteriorly	-latissimus dorsi -teres major -lower pectoralis major
glenohumeral internal rotation	movement of humerus medially around its long axis toward midline	-latissimus dorsi -teres major -pectoralis major -subscapularis
elbow flexion	movement of forearm to shoulder by bending elbow to decrease its angle	-biceps brachii -brachialis -brachioradialis -pronator teres
elbow extension	movement of forearm away from shoulder by straightening elbow to increase its angle	-triceps brachii -anconeus
forearm supination	external rotary movement of radius on ulna that results in hand moving from palm down to PALM UP position	-biceps brachii -supinator -brachioradialis
forearm pronation	internal rotary movement of radius on ulna that results in hand moving from palm up to PALM DOWN position	-pronator teres -pronator quadratus -brachioradialis
scapular adduction (retraction/medial tilt)	movement of the scapula medially (toward the spinal column); ie pinching the shoulder blades together	-rhomboids -trapezius
scapular abduction (protraction/lateral tilt)	movement of the scapula laterally (away from the spinal column); ie reaching for an object in front of the body	-serratus anterior -pectoralis minor
scapular downward rotation	inferior angle of scapula moves medially and inferiorly toward the spinal column, the glenoid fossa returns to its normal position; ie bringing the arm down to the side	-rhomboids -pectoralis minor
scapular upward rotation	inferior angle of the scapula moves superiorly and laterally away from the spinal column, the glenoid fossa turns upward; ie raising the arm out to the side	-trapezius (middle and lower) -serratus anterior
scapular depression	downward or inferior movement of the scapula; ie returning to a normal position after a shoulder shrug	-trapezius (lower) -pectoralis minor
scapular elevation	upward or superior movement of the scapula; ie shrugging the shoulders	-rhomboids -trapezius (upper) -levator scapulae
hip flexion	movement of femur straight anteriorly toward pelvis	-iliopsoas -pectineus -rectus femoris -sartorius -tensor fascia latae
hip extension	movement of femur straight posteriorly away from pelvis	-gluteus maximus -hamstrings -external rotators
hip abduction	movement of femur laterally to side away from midline	-gluteus maximus -gluteus medius -gluteus minimus -external rotators -tensor fascia latae
hip adduction	movement of femur medially toward midline	-adductor brevis -adductor longus -adductor magnus -gracilis
hip internal (medial) rotation	rotary movement of femur medially around its longitudinal axis toward midline	-gluteus minimus -gluteus medius -tensor fascia latae
hip external (lateral) rotation	rotary movement of femur laterally around its longitudinal axis away from midline	-gluteus maximus -6 deep external rotators
knee extension	straightening or increasing the angle between the femur and the lower leg; tibia externally rotates to align condyles	QUADs
knee flexion	bending or decreasing the angle between the femur and the lower leg	HAMSTRINGS -popliteus -sartorius
knee external rotation	rotary movement of lower leg laterally away from midline, if flexed 20-30 degrees	biceps femoris
knee internal rotation	rotary movement of lower leg medially toward midline, if flexed 20-30 degrees	-semimembranosus -semitendinosus -popliteus
ankle dorsiflexion	movement of top of ankle and foot toward anterior tibia	-tibialis anterior -peroneus (fibularis) tertius -extensor digitorum longus -extensor hallucis longus
ankle plantar flexion	movement of ankle and foot away from tibia	-gastrocnemius -flexor digitorum longus -flexor hallucis longus -peroneus (fibularis) longus -peroneus (fibularis) brevis -plantaris -soleus -tibialis posterior
eversion (ankle abduction)	turning ankle and foot outward, putting weight on medial edge of foot	-peroneus (fibularis) longus -peroneus (fibularis) brevis -peroneus (fibularis) tertius -extensor digitorum longus
inversion (ankle adduction)	turning ankle and foot inward, putting weight on lateral edge of foot	-tibialis anterior -tibialis posterior -flexor digitorum longus -flexor hallucis longus
toe flexion	movement of toes toward plantar surface of foot	-flexor digitorum longus -flexor hallucis longus
toe extension	movement of toes away from plantar surface of foot	-extensor hallucis longus -extensor digitorum longus
wrist abduction (radial flexion)	movement of thumb side of hand toward lateral aspect or radial side of forearm; also, movement of fingers away from middle finger	-flexor carpi radialis -flexor pollicis longus -extensor carpi radialis longus -extensor carpi radialis brevis -abductor pollicis longus -extensor pollicis longus -extensor pollicis brevis

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