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Anthropology Exam 4
Study Exam 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Kinship | Defines and classifies people in relation to one another |
| Affinal Kin | Related by marriage |
| Consanguinal Kin | Related by birth |
| Fictive Kin | Chosen kin (adopted) |
| 3 types of Kinship | Affinal, Consanguinal, Fictive |
| Family | Social and economic group consisting of people considered to be related in some way |
| Nuclear Family | Two generation family |
| Extended Family | Three (or more) generation family |
| Conjugal Family | Spousal pair |
| Non-conjugal Family | Woman and children |
| Blended Family | A family in which divorced or widowed people marry |
| Family of Orientation | Family in which one is raised and enculturated |
| Family of Procreation | Family one establishes |
| Descent | Culturally established permanent affiliation with one or both parents |
| Descent group | Kin who are descendants of a common ancestor extending beyond two generations |
| Matrilineage | "mother's line" Formed by descent through the female line |
| Patrilineage | "father's line" Formed by descent through the male line |
| Clans | "offspring" Non-residential, patrilineal or matrilineal, based on stipulated descent |
| Marriage | Socially approved sexual and economic relationship |
| Endogamy | Marriage within a group |
| Exogamy | Marriage outside a group |
| Polygamy | Having two or more spouses |
| 2 types of polygamy | Polygyny and Polyandry |
| Polygyny | A man with several wives |
| Polyandry | A woman with several husbands |
| Bands | Small population foragers |
| Tribes | Larger populations of horticulturalists and pastoralists |
| Chiefdoms | Largely populated, permanently allied tribes and villages (horticulturalists and pastoralists) |
| States (The US) | Centralized, hierarchical political entity encompassing many communities |
| The Navajo | "land of the people" |
| Kinaalda | The: "Coming of Age" for girls. Boys do not get one |
| Four Sacred Directions | East - "Birth" South - "Growing" West - "Adulthood" North - "Death" |
| hó’zhó | Universal harmony, beauty, balance, health |
| Magic | Rituals employed to control/compel the supernatural to accomplish specific aims |
| 3 Types of Magic | Imitative, Contagious, Sympathetic |
| Imitative Magic | Imitating a desired result will cause it to occur |
| Contagious Magic | Objects once in contact with intended victim have influence |
| Sympathetic Magic | Objects symbolic of the intended victim have influence |
| Shamanism | Part-time specialist who has a special rapport (mediator) with the supernatural world |
| Religion | Beliefs and rituals explaining the unknown, the afterlife, creation |
| Art | The ancient and universal application of imagination, creativity, skill, and style to matter, movement, and sound |
| Mythology | Traditional sacred narrative that explains existence and why the world is the way it is |
| Legends | Sacred or secular stories told as true that recount the great deeds of human heroes |
| Folklore | Creative secular fiction |
| Mechanisms of Culture Change | Innovation, Diffusion, Acculturation, Extinction, Globalization, Deviance |
| Innovations | Development of novel solutions to problems |
| Diffusion | Borrowing, trading, imitating of traits between cultures (Direct, Forced, Indirect) |
| Acculturation | A result of continuous first-hand contact - The cultures change, but remain distinct |
| Extinction | The loss of a culture |
| Globalization | Increasing interconnections and mutual dependence between peoples - Politics, economics, religion, commerce, migration, travel, tourism, communication |
| Deviance | Divergence from cultural norms |
Created by:
klein-andrew
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