Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Path 9
NeuroEndocrine Systems
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How are neuroendocrine cells readily identified | by their characteristic positivity with silver stains and their immunoreactivity with antibodies directed against neuroendocrine products |
| Most neuroendocrine cells are derived from? | neural crest |
| where do gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine cells come from? | endoderm |
| Are steroid producing cells of the ovary, testis, thyroid, and adrenal cortex neuroendocrine cells? | no |
| what is primary hyperparathyroidism | excess PTH produced by parathyroid in absence of extraparathyroid stimulus |
| what is secondary hyperparathyroidism | hypocalcemic stimulation of PTH secretion and cell proliferation |
| what is the most common cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism | chronic renal failure |
| what is tertiary hyperparathyroidism | autonomous primary hyperparathyroidism in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism |
| what causes 80% of primary hyperparathyroidism | adenoma (usually a single gland) |
| How can you differentiate hyperplasia vs. adenoma with primary hyperparathyroidism | hyperplasia is usually all 4 glands and adenoma is often 1 gland |
| Someone with high calcium (>15), a neck mass and bone disease may have? | parathyroid carcinoma |
| what is the most likely cause of death in people with parathyroid carcinoma | hypercalcemia |
| The adrenal cortex is derived from? | mesoderm |
| what is Addison's disease | primary chronic adrenal insufficiency usually autoimmune |
| what is a "crisis" in chronic Addison's disease | primary acute adrenal insufficiency |
| Waterhouse Friderichsen syndrome is primary adrenal insufficiency due to ? | meningococcemia |
| what is Conn's syndrome | hyperaldosteronism |
| what is Cushing's syndrome | hypercortisolism |
| what does an adrenal adenoma secrete | may secrete aldosterone, cortisol, or sex steroids (many are nonfunctioning) |
| what does an adrenal adenoma look like | most are solitary small and bright yellow |
| How do you distinguish an adrenal adenoma from a carcinoma | carcinomas are large, pleomorphic, have a high mitotic rate, atypical mitosis, venous invasion, necrosis, and capsular invasion |
| what is an adrenal mass in the medulla that secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine resulting in hypertension | pheochromocytoma |
| this tumor is one of the most common tumors in infancy and childhood and is the most common congenital tumor | Neuroblastoma |
| what will you find in the urine with neuroblastoma | increased urinary homovanillic acid, vanillylmandelic acid, dopamine, or metanephrine |
| what is a benign tumor consisting of a mixture of mature adipose tissue and hematopoietic cells often found as an incidental finding at autopsy | myelolipoma |
| what are chemodectomas | paragangliomas of the carotid and aorticopulmonary paragangliomas |
| paragangliomas form distinctive cell nests called ? that are arranged around capillary channels | zellballen |
| How are islet cell tumors of the pancreas classified | according to the hormones that they produce |
| what is a beta cell pancreatic tumor called | insulinoma |
| what is the most common type of islet cell tumor | insulinoma |
| what is another name for a gastrinoma | Zollinger-Ellison syndrome |
| What would you expect to see in a patient with Zollinger Ellison Syndrome | multiple peptic ulcers, high gastric acid secretion, high plasma gastrin levels |
| what percent of Zollinger Ellison Syndrome are malignant | 65% |
| What is the gene that predisposes to MEN-1 | menin tumor supressor |
| what is the gene that predisposes to MEN II | RET proto-oncogene |
| you have a neoplasm of mucocutaneous neuromas, pheochromocytomas, and medullary cancer of the thyroid. Which MEN is it | MEN IIb |
| you have neoplasms or hyperplasias of the parathyroid gland, adrenal cortex, pituitary and pancreas plus peptic ulcers and gastric hypersecretion which MEN syndrome to you have | MEN I |
| Which MEN syndrome has multiple pheochromocytomas, medullary carcinomas of the thyroid, and parathyroid hyperplasia or adenoma | MEN IIa |
Created by:
UVAPATH1
Popular Medical sets