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MH vicars module 4 m
spine and thorax
muscle | action | origion | insertion |
---|---|---|---|
erector Spinae Group | unilaterally: laterally flex vertebracolumn Bilaterally: extend the vertebral column | common tendon thoracolumbaraponeurosis that attaches to the posterior surface of sacrum iliac crest, Spinous processes of lumbar and last 2 thoracic vertbrae | Various attachments at the posterior ribs, spinous and transverse processes of thoracic and cervical vertebrae, and mastoid process of temporal bone |
Spinalis | unilaterally: laterally flex vertebra column Bilaterally extend the vertebral column | Spinous processes of upper lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae, LigamentumNuchaeispinous process of C-7 | Spinous processes of upper thoracic spinous processes of Cervicals except C-1 |
Longisimus | unilaterally: laterally flex vertebra column Bilaterally extend the vertebral column | Common tendon (thoracis) Transverse processes of upper five thoracic vertebrae (cervicis and capitis) | Lower nine ribs and transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae (thoracis) Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae (cervicis) Mastoid process of temporal bone (capitis) |
IIiocostalis | unilaterally: laterally flex vertebra column Bilaterally extend the vertebral column | common tendon (lumborum) Posterior surface of ribs 1-12 (thoraces and cervicis) | Transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae 1-3 and posterior surface of ribs 6-12 (lumborum) Posterior surface of ribs 1-6 (thoracis) transverse processes of lower cervicals (cervicis) |
multifidi | Unilaterally: rotate the vertebral column to the opposite side Bilaterally: extend the vertebral column | sacrum and transverse processes of lumbar through cervical vertebrae | Spinous processes of lumbar through cervical vertebrae (span 2-4 vertebrae) |
Rotatores | Unilaterally: rotate the vertebral column to the opposite side Bilaterally: extend the vertebral column | transverse processes of lumbar through cervical vertebrae | Spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae through second cervical vertebrae (span 1-2 vertebrae) |
Semispinalis capitis | extend the vertebral column and head | Transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae, articular processes of lower cervicals | Spinous processes of upper thoracic and cervicals (except C-1) and superior nuchal line of occiput |
Splenius capitis | unilaterally: rotate head and neck to the same side Laterally flex the head and neck | ligamentum nuchae, Spinous processes of c-7 to T-3 | Mastoid process and lateral portion of superior nuchal line |
Splenius Cervicis | unilaterally: rotate head and neck to the same side Laterally flex the head and neck | Spinous processes of T-3 to T-6 | transverse processes of upper cervical vertebrae |
Rectus Capitis Posterior Major | Rock and tilt the head back into extension Rotate the head to the same side | Spinous process of axis (c-2) | Inferior nuchal line of the occiput |
Rectus Capitis Posterior minor | Rock and tilt head back into extension | Tubercle of the posterior ach of the atlas (C-1) | Inferior nuchal line of the occiput |
Oblique Capitis Superior | Rock and tilt the head back into extension | transverse process of atlas (c-1) | Between the nuchal lines of the occiput |
oblique Capitis inferior | Rotate the head to the same side | spinous process of the atlas(C-1) | transverse process of atlas (C-1) |
Quadratus Lumborum | unilaterally: Laterally tilt the pelvis laterally flex the vertebral column to the same side Bilaterally: fix the last rib during Inhalation and forced exhalation assist to extend the vertebral column | posterior iliac Crest | last rib and Transverse processes of first thoroughfare lumbar vertebrae |
Rectus Abdominis | flex the vertebral column | Pubic crest, pubic symphysis | Cartilage of fifth, sixth and seventh ribs and xiphoid process |
External oblique | Unilaterally: Laterally flex vertebral column to the same side Rotate vertebral column to the opposite side Bilaterally: flex the vertebral column Compress abdominal contents | lower eight Ribs | anterior part of iliac crest, abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba |
Internal oblique | Unilaterally: laterally flex vertebral column to the same side Rotate vertebral column to the same side Bilaterally: flex the vertebral column compress abdominal contents | lateral inguinal ligaments iliac crest and thoracolumbar fascia | Internal surface of lower three ribs, abdominal aponeurosis |
Transverse Abdominis | Compress abdominal contents | Lateral inguinal ligament iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia and internal surface lower 6ribs | abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba |
Diaphragm | draw down the central tendon of thediaphragm, increase the volume of thethoracic cavity during inhalation. | Costal attachment: Inner surface of lower6 ribs, lumbar attachment: upper twoor three lumbar vertebrae sternal attachment: inner part of xiphoid process | central tendon |
external intercostals | assist with inhalation bydrawing the ribs superiorly,increasing the space of the.thoracic cavity | inferior border of the rib above | superior border of the rib below |
internal intercostals | assist with exhalation by drawingthe ribs inferiorly, decreasing the spaceof the thoracic cavity | inferior border of the rib above | superior borderof the rib below |