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Vocab Unit 3
Ap Human Rubenstein Vocab Unit 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| • Custom | A repetitive act of a group, performed to the extent that it becomes a characteristic of that group. |
| • Folk Culture | Traditionally practiced primarily by small, homogeneous groups living in isolated rural settings. |
| • Habit | A repetitive act that a particular individual performs. |
| • Popular Culture | Found in large, heterogeneous societies that share certain habits despite differences in other personal characteristics. |
| • Taboo | Restrictions on behavior imposed by social custom. |
| • British Received Pronunciation (BRP) | The recognized standard form of British speech. |
| • Creolized Language | A language that results from the mixing of a colonizer’s language with the indigenous language of the people being dominated. |
| • Dialect | A regional variation of a language distinguished by distinctive vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation |
| • Ebonics | A distinct dialect in the English language. A way that many blacks in America have preserved their linguistic heritage. Is a combination of ebony and phonics. |
| • Extinct Language | Languages that are no longer spoken or read in daily activities by anyone in the world. |
| • Franglais | The combination of the French and English language. |
| • Ideograms | Written languages that represent ideas or concepts rather than specific pronunciations. |
| • Isogloss | A word usage boundary drawn on the geographic landscape. |
| • Isolated Language | A language unrelated to any other and therefore not attached to any language family. They arise from the lack of interaction with speakers of other languages. |
| • Language | A system of communication through speech. |
| • Language Branch | A collection of languages related through a common ancestor that existed several thousands of years ago. Exist within language families. |
| • Language Family | A collection of languages related through a common ancestor that existed before recorded history. |
| • Language Group | A collection of languages within branches that share a common origin in the relatively recent past. |
| • Lingua Franca | A language of international communication. |
| • Literary Tradition | A system of written communication. |
| • Official Language | The designated and recognized language of a country. Would be used in government and government documents. |
| • Pidgin Language | A simplified form of a lingua franca. |
| • Spanglish | Created by the English language diffusing into the Spanish language. |
| • Standard Language | The recognized form of the proper dialect of a language. This dialect is the most widely recognized and well established as most acceptable for government, business, education, and mass communication. |
| • Vulgar Latin | Spoken by the people of the Roman provinces during the age of the Roman Empire. Not proper Latin. |
| • Animism | The belief that inanimate objects (stones, plants, etc) contain spirits and a conscious life. Can be found primarily in African and Native American religions. |
| • Autonomous Religion | A religious group which is self sufficient, meaning their interaction with other religious communities is confined to little more than loose cooperation and shared ideas. Islam and Protestant denominations can be good examples. |
| • Branch | A large and fundamental division within a religion. |
| • Caste | The social structure or class system and distinct hereditary order into which a Hindu has been assigned, according to religious law. This determines every aspect of a person’s life (work, marriage, table partners, etc). |
| • Cosmology | A set of religious beliefs concerning the origin of the universe. |
| • Denomination | A division of a branch that unites a number of local congregations. |
| • Diocese | The basic unit of area administered by the Roman Catholic Church. It is overseen by a bishop. |
| • Ethnic Religion | Appeals primarily to one group of people living in one place. Will not seek converts. |
| • Fundamentalism | The literal interpretation and strict adherence to basic principles of a religion. |
| • Ghetto | Historically, the part of a European city where Jewish people were forced to live. |
| • Hierarchical Religion | A religion that has a well defined geographic structure that organizes territory into local administrative units. |
| • Missionary | People who carried the message of Jesus Christ along the Roman Empire’s protected sea routes and excellent road networks. Today, the member of any religion whose purpose is to gain converts to their religion. |
| • Monotheism | The belief in one god. |
| • Pagan | The word for the follower of a polytheistic religion in ancient times. |
| • Pilgrimage | A religious journey, typically to the holy site of a religion. |
| • Polytheism | The belief in multiple gods. |
| • Sect | A relatively small group that has broken away from an established denomination. |
| • Solstice | A day of religious significance in some ethnic religions because of its relationship to nature, the sun, and the moon. |
| • Universalizing Religion | Attempt to be a global religion, appealing to all people. Will seek converts. |
| • Apartheid | The physical separation of different racial groups into different geographic areas. Most prominently practiced in the country of South Africa. |
| • Balkanization | The process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities. |
| • Balkanized | Term widely used to describe a small geographic area that could not successfully be organized into one or more stable states because it was inhabited by many ethnicities with complex and long |
| • Centripetal Force | An attitude that tends to unify people and enhance support for the state. |
| • Ethnic Cleansing | The process by which a more powerful ethnic group forcibly removes a less powerful one in order to create an ethnically homogenous region. The purpose is to rid the entire area of different ethnic groups. |
| • Ethnicity | Identity with a group of people who share the cultural traditions of a particular homeland or hearth. |
| • Multi-Ethnic State | A state in which many ethnicities all contribute cultural features to the formation of a single nationality. |
| • Multinational State | States which contain two ethnic groups with traditions of self determination that agree to coexist peacefully by recognizing each other as distinct nationalities. |
| • Nationalism | Promotes a sense of national consciousness that exalts one nation above all others. |
| • Nationality | The identity with a group of people who share legal attachment and personal allegiance to a particular country. |
| • Nation-state | A territory which corresponds to a particular ethnicity, or people group. |
| • Race | The identity of a person with a group of people who share a biological ancestor. |
| • Racism | The belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial difference produce an inherent superiority of a particular race. |
| • Racist | A person who subscribes to the beliefs of racism. |
| • Self | determination |
| • Sharecropper | Someone who works fields rented from a landowner and pays the rent by turning over to the landowner a share of the crops. |
| • Triangular Slave Trade | Term used to describe the slave exchange from West Africa to North America during the colonial period of North America. |
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icy101
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