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Anthro Test 3: Keefe
Key Terms for the Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Sickness | All unwanted variations in physical, social and psychological dimensions of health”; “unwanted conditions of self |
| Disease | Outward/clinical manifestations of altered physical function or infection |
| Illness | Human experiences and perceptions of alterations in health as informed by their broader social and cultural meaning. |
| Medical Pluralism | Using multiple ethnomedical systems to achieve health |
| Cultural Construction of Disease/Sickness | The culture of a society constructs the way...members think and feel about sickness and healing |
| Worldview | A set of ideas and assumptions about the way the world works. |
| medical anthropology | The study of health, illness and healing across a range of human societies and over the course of human experience. |
| Biomedicine | Western medicine, with its basis in science and emphasis on the physical body |
| statuses | positions in the social structure defined in terms of authority, privileges, duties, and sometime prestige. (President) |
| roles | duties or guidelines for behavior in a certain status and specifications for relationships to other statuses |
| ascribed | a status given at birth. (Daughter, Sister) |
| achieved | a status acquired during a lifetime (College student) |
| formal social structure | one with precisely specified statuses and role relationships among them |
| hierarchical social status | some members have more status and power than others |
| social class | a group in a hierarchy of groups distinguished on the basis of privileges made possibly by control over valuable resources, such as wealth. |
| Power | Defined as the ability to influence the ideas and actions of others, to set the agenda for the group, and to control human and other resources. |
| Authority | the right granted to exercise power. |
| nuclear family | parents and unmarried children |
| tribe | a larger group. Made up of multiple kin groups. (Lakota Sioux) |
| Lineages | larger kin groups whose members trace descent from a common ancestor. |
| clans | members who claim decent from a mythical being. |
| chiefdom | composed of kin groups but they and their leaders and arranged in a hierarchy |
| state | |
| bride service | a husbands duty to his wife's father until she has three children |
| namesakes | relationships formed by naming a child after another person. Usually a kin person beyond the nuclear family. |
| egalitarian | few statuses or authority differences between individuals except between generations |
| parilineal primogeniture | from father to first son. |
| rank | differences in power (Eagle Scout) |
| matrilineal clans | trace lineage from moms side. Claim to come from mystical ancestor. |
| corporate lineage | large, formal social structure based on kinship and collective control of income-producing power |
| patrilineal lineages | decedents through the male line of on ancestor who settled in the locality |
| exogamy | marrying one outside of their kin group |
| miscegenation | interracial marriage |
| Lineal kin | direct line of decent (daughter or grandfather) |
| Collateral kin | share some common ancestor (cousin) |
| affinal kin | connected through a marriage bond. (mother-in-law) |
| cross-cousin | child of mom's bro, or child of dad's sis |
| parallel cousin | child of mom's sis, or child of dad's bro |
| phoneme | meaning can be changed by altering a single significant sound |
| syntax | meaning can be changed by arrangement |
| semantics | meaning in a word and sentences |
| cultural presuppositions | background knowledge assumed on the part of the speakers |
| connotations | additional meanings that are associated with a word or phrase |
| Metaphor | words or phrases that extend meaning by suggesting that something is like something else "My community is like a river" |
| Metonyms | words or phrases that transfer meaning by substituting the part to mean the whole. (a count of hands) |
| teknonymy | women losing their last name in marriage. |
| Rituals | formal behavior composed of symbolic acts, utterances, and objects that express beliefs in important truths. |
| Myth | a narrative often involving supernatural beings, actions, or events that express popular ideas about nature and society. |
| root metaphor | recurring, stirring metaphor's. "mother country" or "fatherland" |
| key scenarios | actions considered correct or successful. |
| semantic domains | set of key words with related meanings, reveals the patterns in which its speakers think. "ladybug" is defined but not all other beetles. |
| ethnolinguistics | studying semantic domains |
Created by:
carinalofgren
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