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Ch10: Christendom
Chapter 10 Europe Christendom
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What happened to the classical Roman Empire when it fell? | One part became the Byzantium empire. |
What did the Byzantium Empire keep from the Roman Empire? | They continued the roads, military, centralized bureaucracy, and laws. |
The Roman's fought with ____ and the _____, and the Byzantium Empire continued this fight. | Persia and the Muslims. |
What was different in the Byzantium Empire versus the Roman Empire? | The Byzantium had a new government system that let generals raise their own armies to protect land. |
What was caesaropapism? | A Byzantium idea that combined the head of the Church and the state. |
The Byzantine Church was connected with the government while the Roman Catholic Church was... | independent. |
The Byzantine Church was more... | urban. |
How was the Catholic Church diverse? | It included the Germans, Celts, and Italians. |
Who started the Byzantine Empire? | Constantine, who founded Constantinople and split Rome. |
The Byzantine Empire was ____ and more _____. | Richer and more urban. |
What made the Byzantine Empire easier to rule? | It was smaller, had a better army, and had tight political authority. |
What seas were closest to the Byzantine Empire? | The Black and Mediterranean Sea. |
The Byzantine Empire was all about... | collecting taxes and keeping order. |
Who invaded the Byzantine Empire after 1085? | Catholic Crusaders and Turkic Muslims. |
What all was the Byzantine Emperor called? | "The Caesar", the pope, and head of the state. |
When the church became part of the government The Caesar could do what? | Whatever he wished to do with it. |
Was there a language difference between the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Catholic Church? | The Eastern Orthodox Church was Greek and the Catholic Church was Latin. |
Byzantine thinkers sought to formulate what? | Christian doctrine in terms of Greek philosophical concepts. |
Byzantine disagreed with what? | The trinity, and the difference of faith and reasons and icons. |
What did the Eastern Orthodox say about the trinity? | That the Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father. |
What did the Catholic Church say about the trinity? | That the Holy Spirit proceeds from both the Father and the Son. |
What was the difference between Eastern Orthodox priests and Catholic priests? | Eastern Orthodox priests had long hair and beards and could marry. Catholic priests couldn't marry, shaved their heads and remained celibate. |
In what political ways was the Byzantine empire linked to a wider world? | The military. |
In what economic ways was the Byzantine empire linked to a wider world? | They were a central player in the long-distance trade of Eurasia. |
In what cultural ways was the Byzantine empire linked to a wider world? | They preserved ancient Greek learning and their culture spread widely among Slavic-speakers in the Balkans and Russia. |
What led to the 1054 Schism? | The Byzantine Emperor rivaled the Pope for power. |
How were the two cultures very different? | Their language, philosophy, and church practices were different . |
What else led to the 1054 Schism? | The crusades that pressed on Constantinople. |
Who were Cyril and Methodius? | Eastern Orthodox missionaries. |
What did Cyril and Methodius do? | They developed an alphabet based on Greek that could write Slavic languages. |
The alphabet developed by Cyril and Methodius led to what? | It led to the Bible and other religious texts to be converted easier. |
Who was Prince Vladimir? | A Russian prince. |
What religion did Prince Vladimir chose? | Eastern Orthodox Christianity. |
Why did Prince Vladimir not chose Islam? | Prohibited the drinking of alcohol. |
What cultural ideas did Kievan Rus borrow from Byzantium? | Architectural styles and the Cyrillic alphabet. |
What religious ideas did Kievan Rus borrow from Byzantium? | Use of icons and stressing prayer and service. |
What political ideas did Kievan Rus borrow from Byzantium? | Imperial control of the church. |
What was the "first Rome" and what happened to it? | Rome, who betrayed Christianity. |
What was the "second Rome" and what happened to it? | Constantinople, which was taken over by Muslims. (Now Istanbul.) |
What was the "third Rome" and what happened to it? | Moscow, and they had Orthodox Christianity. |
What happened after the collapse of the Roman Empire? | There was a decline in literacy, a population drop of 25%, and it became more rural. |
What happened to trade outside of Italy after the collapse of the Roman Empire? | Long-distance trade dried up as Roman roads deteriorated. |
What replaced the Roman order in Western Europe? | Regional kingdoms and warlords. |
Who tried to create something like the Roman Empire? | Charlemagne, who united parts of France, Germany, and Italy, but it eventually failed. |
What took hold in Western Europe? | The Feudal System. |
The vassals (knights) got land from the kings, how? | If they promised to protect it. |
What did the knights do with the land? | They got peasants (serfs) to work the land for crops. |
What did the serfs do with the crops? | They gave them to the vassals to sell and use in exchange for the privilege to live on the land. |
WHO WAS CHARLEMAGNE ANYWAY?? | The first Holy Roman Emperor aka Charles the Great. He was made emperor on Christmas day, 800 C.E. |
Economically, how were the Roman Catholic Church and Buddhist monasteries in China alike? | They both got wealthy and people said that lost their way. |
Based on the government, how were the Roman Catholic Church and Buddhist monasteries in China alike? | The citizens follow their rulers into whatever their religion is. |
How did the Roman Catholic Church and Buddhism in China spread? | Stories of miracles spread, which made them attractive to more people. |
How did the Roman Catholics deal with non Christians? | They adapted things that fit in with pagan ideas. |
What does the term 'pagan' mean? | Non Christian. |
In what ways did the Christians adapt to pagan ideas? | Amulets and charms had pictures of Jesus and Mary on them. Built churches on sacred pagan places to make the church seem holy. |
Why did the Roman Catholics chose Christmas as December 25th? | To keep pagans from partying on the Winter Solstice. "Hey guys will you stop drinking for a couple hours so we can celebrate the birth of Jesus?" |
What happened in the Europe after 1000? | The High Middle Ages. |
How did European civilizations grow and transform in the high middle ages? | Population increase, long-distance trade, and towns grew back. |
What was the government and town life like in the high middle ages of Europe? | The towns were filled with merchants, doctors, and scholars. Guilds began to form. |
What are guilds? | Local organizations of workers with a goal to promote their profession to the government and the community. |
It's between the 11th and 13th centuries, what are those wild women doing? | Not much. |
But really what are those women doing? | Weaving, brewing, milling, mid-wife-ing, washing clothes, and being prostitutes. |
While some women between the 11th and 13th centuries were selling sexual favours for currency those less talented, fat and ugly gals were doing what? | Being nuns. Celibacy for life. |
In the 15th century, what happened for women? | All of those good ole' jobs they had were kind of taken away. |
What jobs were taken away from women? | Women didn't have guilds and could not join men's guilds. They lost a lot of work to technology and animals (WHAT?). |
Why did the women get jipped out of weaving? | "Those looms are way to heavy for you ladies. Let us take them." -15th century gay men |
What led to Europe becoming globally aware? | The Crusades. |
By the 1300s, how had Europe become more globally aware? | The missionaries, travelers, and merchants. |
What was an impact the Crusades had on European economies? | Global trade. |
So...what's a crusade? | A war that god told me to fight. |
So the pope and crusades? They have a deal or something? | Yes, the pope authorized the war and gave indulgences to those who fought. |
What are indulgences? | A piece of paper that says when you die, you can get out of purgatory (most Catholics go there) for a certain amount of years. |
Why were the Crusades going on? | To take back Jerusalem and the holy places of Jesus from the Muslims. (AND WE WOULD'VE GOTTEN AWAY WITH IT TOO IF IT WEREN'T FOR THOSE MEDDLING MUSLIMS AND MUHAMMAD.) |
During the Crusades, what did the Christians get back? | Four small Christian areas in Israel and Turkey. |
What happened to those areas the Christians won back? | The Muslims took over them again. |
Where else did the Crusades take place? | Spain, Constantinople/Istanbul, and Russia. |
How did the Crusades change Europe? | It opened Europe's contact with the larger world. |
How did the Crusades change the religions in Europe? | It gave the popes super-control. They took scientific, philosophical, and mathematical concepts from Arabs, Greeks, and Indians. |
Due to the Crusades, what inventions did the Europeans get from China? | Paper, gunpowder, and horses. |
In the long term, the crusading movement by Western Europeans ___ ___ bring the Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic Christian churches closer together. | did not |
The crusading notion was used by the Europeans later to do what? | Build a European empire, especially in the Americas. |
Why was it okay for the European leaders to take over everyone in the Americas? | God said it was "aiight". |
By 1500, ______ had caught up with, and in some areas, surpassed ______ and the _____. | By 1500, Europe had caught up with, and in some areas, surpassed China and the Islams. |
What were some technological breakthroughs in agricultural in Europe? | heavy-wheeled plow, horseshoes, horse collar, and three-field crop rotation. |
What were some technological breakthroughs in the arts of war/sea in Europe? | Gunpowder to use in cannons, the magnetic compass, stern-post rudder, and lateen sail. |
Why was Europe unable to achieve the kind of political unity that China experienced? | Geographical barriers and ethnic/linguistic diversity. |
Europe never became.... | a strong empire like China. |
How did the struggle among the elites elevate the European urban-based merchant class? | They had a lot of independence, which led them to get richer and more powerful. |
Due to the merchants getting richer and more powerful, what did it lead to in the 1700s? | Capitalism |
Why did the merchants have all this independence in the first place? | In Europe, since kings, warrior aristocrats and the Church were always fighting, merchants got a lot of power without a lot of fight. |
Compare European merchants to Chinese merchants. | In China, landowners and officials were more important then merchants. The government limited most things the merchants could do while also controlling industries like salt and iron. |
Who was the 13th century theologian that thoroughly integrated Aristotle's idea into a logical and systematic presentation of Christian doctrine? | Thomas Aquinas |
Where did Thomas Aquinas work? | A university that played heavily on intellectual life. |
Who found some important philosopher's books, such as the works of Aristotle? | The Arabs, who shared the books with Europe. |
How did the Byzantines handle the views of Aristotle? | They focused mainly on antiquity works of humanities. |
Who did the Byzantines not trust? | The Greeks. |
How did the Muslims handle the views of Aristotle? | They were in to it, but it challenged their faith. |
What was a factor that left the western part of the Roman Empire more vulnerable to collapse than the eastern half at the end of the fourth century C.E.? | The western portion possessed a much less easily defended capital, had a longer frontier to defend than the eastern portion, and possessed a weaker army and navy. |
So the western portion of the Roman Empire was _____________ than its eastern counterpart. | far less wealthy |
In the seventh century C.E., the Byzantine Empire lost large swaths of its territory along the coast of North Africa and the eastern Mediterranean to... | Arab forces. |
The rapid expansion of the Islamic/Arab empire included what? | The conquest ofl Byzantine territories. |
What happened after these Islamic/Arab conquests over Byzantine? | A more compact Byzantine Empire survived and remained a major force in the eastern Mediterranean until roughly 1200. |
Even after the collapse of the Roman Empire, much that was classical or Roman persisted in Western Europe because | the Germanic peoples who conquered the region had already been Romanized. |
Even after the collapse of the Roman Empire, much that was classical or Roman persisted in Western Europe because | despite the Germans bringing their own culture with them, the prestige of things Roman remained high. |
Even after the collapse of the Roman Empire, much that was classical or Roman persisted in Western Europe because | some ambitious Germanic leaders hoped to reconstruct the Roman Empire under their own rule. |
What was a long-term impact of the Crusades? | The Crusades led to Western Christendom conquering the Muslim regions of the Iberian Peninsula. |
Did the Crusades to the Holy Hand have a long or short term political impact? | It had little long-term political impact. |
Unlike the Orthodox Church in Byzantium with its practice of caesaropapism, the Roman Catholic Church.... | maintained a degree of independence that served to check the power of kings and lords. |