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WorldStudies Midterm
World Studies-3 Enlightenment
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| *Encyclopedia* | Denis Diderot |
| Natural Rights | John Locke |
| "Man is born free, and everywhere is in chains" | Jean-Jaques Rousseau |
| social contract | contract between countries different levels between society |
| government split into three branches | Baron de Montesqieu |
| "I do not agree with a word that you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it." | Thomas Hobbes |
| *The Two Treatises of Government* | John Locke |
| life is "nasty, brutish, and short" | Thomas Hobbes |
| free market | Adam Smith |
| women must have equal access to education | Mary Wollstonecraft |
| *The Spirit of the Laws* | Baron de Montesqieu |
| *The Wealth of Nations* | Adam Smith |
| *Leviathan* | Thomas Hobbes |
| What is limitind or completely denying access to new ideas? | censorship |
| What are informal gatherings at which writers, musicians, philosophers and others exchanged ideas? | salons |
| Enlightenment thinkers who tried to apply scientific methods and reason to improve socisty | philosophes |
| Since people are born with them no government can take them away | natural rights |
| belief that the earth is the center of the universe | geocentric theory |
| incredible composer and pianist, considered the very definition of the classical music style | Mozart |
| composer known for his incredibley complex religious works | Bach |
| first to truly study human anatomy: was given access to the bodies of executed criminals to dissect | Andreas Vesalius |
| absolute ruler who used the newest phiolsophies to gain more power | Enlightened despot |
| astronomer who constructed the first working telescope and was imprisoned for supporting Copernicus | Galileo Glitlei |
| famous composer, contemporary of Bach and Beethovan | Handel |
| theory that the sun is the center of the universe | Heliocentric theory |
| Father of modern chemistry | Robert Boyle |
| believed wealth of the nation was solely derived from the land | physiocrats |
| English mathematician and natural philosopher, discovered the law of gravity | Sir Isaac Newton |
| (blank) | Johannes Kepler |
| The reforms enacted by enlightened despots almost always stopped when | Nobles grew tired of the changes and revolted |
| Painters such as Rembrandt began painting new topics in a new style because.... | middle class wanted simpler paintings |
| In general, life in Europe for the peasants was | better in Westren Europe than in Eastern and Central Europe |
| Denis Diderot's goal was to | change the general way of thinking in France |
| The system of checks and balances was designed to | prevent the government from getting too powerful |
| The enclosure movement was when | landowners fenced off all their land, kicking out the peasants |
| Emperor Joseph II was called the "peasant emperor" because he | learned about and fixed the peasants' problems |
| King George craeted the cabinet system because | he couldn't speak English and needed teh help |
| What is the difference between the physiocrats and the mercantilists? | mercantists believed the nation's strength depended on its wealth, physiocrats believed the wealth of the nation depended on the value of the land |
| What are some reasons why Britian became a world power? | its geography made in incredibly hard to invade, the govermment openly supported and promoted business, Britian could pick and choose the wars in which it became involved |
| How did the Enlightenment spread so quickly? | books and pamphlets |
| Why was the cabinet system reintroduced in Britian? | King George made a whole series of bad choices, Britian had lost its most important colony due to the king, the king had begun to literally go a little crazy |
| The statement "No taxation without representation" was partly influenced by | John Locke |
| The lives of European peasants changed during the Enlightenment because | most moved to the growing cities |
| Thinkers during the Age of Reason challenged the established social order by | calling for a just society based on reason |
| Why was Emperor Joseph II called the "peasant emperor?" | he tried to discover the peasants' problems and fix them |
| What was so ironic about women becoming salonieres? | they were learning all the latests ideas when they weren't even allowed to attend school |
| What was the difference between classical and baroque music? | Classical music was supposed to make you think and study the music |
| What is a free market? | a market in which prices of goods and services are arranged completely by the mutual consent of sellers and buyers |
| What does the basic law of supply and demand have to do with a free market? | the greater the supply the lesser the demand, therefore the lesser the price |
| What two powers were attacking the Enlightenment? | Power and authority |
| Why were the _______ and _______ powers attacking the Enlightenment? | Round head and Cavaliers |
| What are the 4 levels of censorship? | Go after writer,usually did this by exhile,Go after the idea or book,then the printers,followers and readers. |
| Name the two original political parties in Britian. | Tories, Whigs |
| Who are the Tories | Cavaliers |
| What do the Tories believe | (blank) |
| Who are the Whigs? | (blank) |
| What did the Whigs believe? | (blank) |
| What was Hobbes' theory of government? | (blank) |
| What did Hobbes believe about government? | (blank) |
| What was Locke's theory of government? | (blank) |
| What did Locke believe about government? | (blank) |
| How are Hobbes' and Locke's theories of government the same? | (blank) |
| How are Hobbes' and Locke's theories of government different? | (blank) |
Created by:
KPatrick
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