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Early Humans-Ethan D
Early Humans Vocabulary List
| Word | Definition |
|---|---|
| Prehistory | human history in the period before recorded events, known mainly through archaeological discoveries, study, research, etc; history of prehistoric humans |
| History | the branch of knowledge dealing with past events |
| Oral Tradition | a community's cultural and historical traditions passed down by word of mouth or example from one generation to another without written instruction |
| Neolithic | the New Stone Age; pertaining to, or characteristic of the last phase of the Stone Age, marked by the domestication of animals, the development of writing, and the making of pottery, textiles, and stone and metal tools |
| Forensics | A systematic, scientific approach to investigate and analyze physical evidence to solve a crime or answer scientific questions |
| Forensic Anthropology (a) Forensic Archaeology (b) | (a) used for the recovery and identification of skeletonized human remains (b) the application of a combination of archaeological techniques and forensic science, typically in law enforcement |
| Radio-Carbon Dating | the determination of the age of objects of organic origin by measurement of the radioactivity of their carbon content |
| Clevis | of or pertaining to a Paleo-Indian cultural tradition of North America, esp. the American Southwest, dated 10,000-9,000 BC and characterized by a usually bifacial, fluted stone projectile point used in big game hunting |
| Genetic Drift | random changes in the frequency of alleles in a gene pool, usually of small proportions |
| Archaeologist | the scientific study of historic or prehistoric peoples and their cultures by analysis of their artifacts, inscriptions, monuments, and other such remains, esp. those that have been excavated |
| Smithsonian Institution | an institution in Washington D.C., founded 1846 with a grant left by James Smithsonian, for the increase and diffusion of knowledge: U.S. national museum and repository |
| N.A.G.P.R.A. | Native American Graves Preservation & Repatriation Act; Law that requires that all ancient skeletons and grave sites in the U.S. be considered sacred Native American remains and turned over to selected tribes for reburial |
| Caucasion | anthropology of, pertaining to, or characteristic of one of the traditional racial divisions of humankind, marked by fair dark skin, straight to tightly curled hair, and light to very dark eyes no longer in technical use |
| Original Caucasion In-habitation Areas | originally inhabiting Europe, parts of Northern Africa, western Asia, and India |
| Migration | the process or act of migrating; movement by humans, animals, birds, etc. for the purpose of following food supply, seasonal migration to nesting/spawning areas etc |
| Nomads | apeople or tribe that has no permanent home but moves about from place to place, usually seasonally and often following a traditional route or circuit according to the stated of the pasturage or food supply |
| Domesticate | to convert(animals, plants, etc.) to domesticated uses; tame |
| Fertile | bearing, producing, or capable of producing vegetation, crops, etc., abundantly; prolific: fertile soil |
| Atlal | spear or dart thrower made from wood or bone that acts as an extension of the human arm allowing the projectile to thrown with more force |
| Neanderthal (Homo Neanderthalis) | fossils of early humans found in Neanderthal, Germany who lived in Western Europe, Western Asia and the Near East from 200,000 years ago until they disappeared around 30,000 years ago; likely co-existed for a time with modern people |
| Home sapiens sapiens | meaning "wise man" or the first modern humans. the first anatomically modern humans came around 100,000 years ago, as part of the 2nd migration out of East Africa. taller and more intelligent(larger brain)than Neanderthals, who they eventually displaced |
| Hominid | walks upright on two legs, not on all fours |
| Bering Land Bridge | land connecting Alaska and Siberia that was exposed during the last ice age when the sea levels were much lower due to massive continental glaciers |
| Glacier | a huge, slow moving mass of ice and snow that retain wast vast amounts of water, and slowly grind and shape the land surface beneath |
| Ice Age | there have been 11 ice ages in Earth's 4.6 billion year history. the last ice age ended around 11,000 years ago. all the continents were mostly covered by glaciers which caused sea levels to recede, exposing more land worldwide |
| Australopithecus | meaning "southern ape"; this early hominid discovered in South Africa walked upright and combined features of both apes and man |
| Ardipithecus ramidus | discovered in Ethiopia, East Africa,("Ardi") was a small-brained and shows an unexpected mix of advanced characteristics and primitive traits seen in much older apes. she walked upright on the ground, but used all four limbs to swing through trees |
| Denisovan | discovered in Siberia who lived about 40,000 years ago and based on DNA tests, appear to have interbred with modern humans |
| Homo | latin for the genus (family) of man |
| Homo erectus | meaning "upright man"' also known as Java Man, discovered on Indonesian island of Java in 1890. considered the first "really big hominid" and featured a much larger brain and likely the first hominid to control fire |
| Homo Habilis | meaning "handy man", so named by Louis Leaky because of the stone tools found near the skeletal remains |
| B.C. | before christ |
| B.C.E. | before the common era; used in place of BC |
| A.D. | Anno Dominum for "in the year of our Lord"' in the western Gregorian calender, those dates after the birth of Christ |
| C.E. | common era; used in place of AD |
| Decade | a period of 10 years |
| Century | a period of 100 years |
| Millinium | a period of 1,000 years |
| Era | a historical period distinguished by certain important or significant happenings |
| Louis Leaky | British archaeologist who discovered Homo Habilis in East Africa |
| Morphology | physical characteristics or traits of the human skull, such as height, width of cheek bones, shape of eye sockets, chin shape, etc. |
| Paleolithic | meaning old stone age; use of stones as tools, rather than the new stone age where an purposely made stone tools from stones |
| Kennewick Man | name given to the skeletal remains of a prehistoric man found along the Columbia river in 1996 |
| Flint | type of material that could be fashioned into spear points, arrow heads, and knives,commonly used by Neolithic hunter-gatherers, through a process called flint knapping, could also start a fire, |
| Hunter-Gatherers | early nomadic humans who migrated following their food supply |
| Obsidian | shiny black sedimentary rock also used to make weapons and cutting tools by Neolithic hunter-gatherers |
| Paradigm Shift | an event, a person, an idea, or an invention that fundamentally changes human history or way of life from that point on |
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endionne
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