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Chapter22 Definition
Key Terms And People
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Michael Faraday | English scientist;he invented the dynamo- a machine that generated electricity. His invention eventually led to today's electrical generators. |
| Thomas Edison | American inventor of 1,000 patents,including the light bulb; he established a power plant that supplied electricity to parts of New York City. |
| Bessemer process | A process developed in the 1850's that led to faster; cheaper steel production. |
| Henry Ford | American business leader; he revolutionized factory production through use of the assembly line and popularized the affordable automobile ( Model T). |
| Wilbur and Orville Wright | American pioneers of aviation; they went from experiments with kites and gliders to piloting the first successful gas-powered airplane flight. |
| telegraph | A machine perefected by Samuel F.B Morse in 1832; it uses pulses of electric current to send messages across long distances wires. |
| Samuel Morse | American artist and inventor; he applied scientist' discoveries of electricity and magnetism to develop the telegraph. |
| Alexander Graham Bell | American inventor and educator; his interest in electrical and mechanical devices to aid people with hearing impairments led to the development and patent of the telephone. |
| Guglielmo Marconi | Italian physicist; he experimented with wireless telegraphy and established communication across the English Channel between France and England. |
| Charles Darwin | English scientist; he proposed the theory of evolution through natural selectio, which came known as Darwinism. |
| Marie and Pierre Curie | European chemists and physicists; they discovered radium and polonium in 1898. |
| radioactivity | A process in which certain elements constantly break down and release energy. |
| Albert Einstein | American theoretical physicist; he developed the theory of relativity among his many scientific theories and was awarded a Nobel prize for physics in 1921. |
| Louis Pasteur | French chemist; his experiments with bacteria disproved the theory of sspontaneous generation and led to the germ theory of infection. He also developed vaccines for anthrax and rabies. |
| pasteurization | The process of heating liquids to kill bacteria and prevent fermentation. |
| anesthetic | A drug that inhibits pain during surgey. |
| Ivan Pavlov | Russian physiologist and experimental physiologist; he researched the physiology of the heart, the digestive system, the brain, and the higher nervous system. He conducted a famous experiment with dogs demonstrating conditioned reflexed. |
| Sigmund Freud | Austrian psychiatrist and founder of osychooanalysis; he treated hysteria using hypnosis and believed that complexes of repressed and forgotten impressions underlie all abnormal mental states. |
| urbanization | The migration of people from rural areas to cities. |
| romanticism | An artistic and literary movement at the beginning of the 1800's which rejected the rationalism of the Enlightment in favor of emotion,intuition, and imagination. |
| William Wordsworth | English romantic poet; his works included " The Evening Walk", " Descriptive Sketches", " The Prelude", and " The Excursion". |
| Ludwig van Beethoven | German composer who spanned the Classical and Romantic periods; often considered the greatest composer' wrote symphonies,quartest, and sonatas. |
| realism | A mid-1800's movement in art and literature that rejected romanticism and sought to depict the details of everyday life, no matter how unpleasant. |
| Charles Dickens | English author during the Victorian era; he wrote " Great Expectations", "A Christmas Carol", " Oliver Twist", and "A Tale of Two Cities", among many other works. |
| Leo Tolstoy | Russian novelist; his novel "War and Peace" protrayed war as confusing and horrible. |
| Henrik Ibsen | Norwegian poet and dramatist' he wrote " A Dolls's House", which revealed the unfair treatment of women in the home. |
| impressionism | A new style of painting began in France in the 1860's in which artists used light, vivid color, and seeming motion to capture an impression of a scence. |
Created by:
zizi hammond
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