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Ch. 22 Vocab
Keyterms and People
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Micheal Faraday | English scientist; he invented the dynamo-a machine that generated electricity. His invention eventually led to today's electrical generators. |
| Thomas Edison | American inventor of over 1,000 patents, including the light bulb; he established a power plant that supplied electricity to parts of New York City. |
| Bessemer process | A process in which air is forced through molten metal to burn out carbon and other impurities that make metal brittle. |
| Henry Ford | American business leader; he revolutionized factory production through use of the assembly line and popularized the affordable automobile. |
| Wilbur and Orville Wright | Brothers in North Carolina who invented the first plane that sustained flight. |
| Telegraph | A machine that sent messages instantly over wires. |
| Samuel Morse | American artist and inventor; he applied scientists' discoveries of electricity and magnetism to develop the telegraph. |
| Alexander Graham Bell | American inventor and educator; his interest in electrical and mechanical devices to aid people with hearing impairments led to the development and patent of the telephone. |
| Guglielmo Marconi | Italian physicist; he experimented with wireless telegraphy and established communication across the English Channel between France and England. |
| Charles Darwin | English scientist; he proposed the theory of evolution through natural selection, which came to be known as Darwinism. |
| Marie and Pierre Curie | European chemists and physicists; they discovered radium and polonium in 1898. |
| radioactivity | A process in which certain elements constantly break down and release energy. |
| Albert Einstein | American theoretical physicist; he developed the theory of relativity among his many scientific theories and was awarded the Nobel Prize for physics in 1921. |
| Louis Pasteur | French chemist; he experiments with bacteria disproved the theory of spontaneous generation and led to the germ theory of infection. He also developed vaccines for anthrax and rabies. |
| pasteurization | The process of heating liquids to kill bacteria and prevent fermentation. |
| anesthetic | A drug that inhibits pain during surgery. |
| Ivan Pavlov | Russian physiologist and experimental psychologist; he researched the physiology of the heart, the digestive system, the brain, and higher nervous system. He conducted a famous experiment with dogs demonstrating conditioned reflex. |
| Sigmund Freud | Austrian psychiatrist and founder of psychoanalysis; he treated hysteria using hypnosis and believed that complexes of repressed forgotten impressions underlie all abnormal mental states. |
| Urbanization | The migration of people from rural areas to cities. |
| Romanticism | An artistic and literary movement at the beginning of the 1800s which rejected the rationalism of the Enlightenment in favor of emotion, intuition, and imagination. |
| William Wordsworth | English romantic poet; his work include The Evening Walk, Descriptive Sketches, The Prelude, and The Excursion. |
| Ludwig van Beethoven | German composer who spanned the Classical and Romantic periods; often considered the greatest composer; wrote symphonies, quartets, and sonatas. |
| Realism | A mid-1800s movement in art and literature that rejected romanticism and sought to depict the details of everyday life, no matter how unpleasant. |
| Charles Dickens | English author during the Victorian era; he wrote Great Expectations, A Christmas Carol, Oliver Twist, and A Tale of Two Cities, among many other works. |
| Leo Tolstoy | Russian novelist; his novel War and Peace portrayed was as confusing and horrible. |
| Henrik Ibsen | Norwegian poet and dramatist; he wrote A Dolls House, which revealed the unfair treatment of women in the home. |
| Impressionism | A new style of painting that began in France in the 1860s in which artists used light, vivid color, and seeming motion to capture an impression of a scene. |
Created by:
Amos.Sechrist
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