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Chapter 22 Vocab
Key Terms and People
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| English scientist; he invented the dynamo, a machine that generated electricity | Michael Faraday |
| American inventor of over 1,000 patents, including the light bulb | Thomas Edison |
| a process developed in the 1850s that led to faster, cheaper steel production | Bessemer process |
| American Business leader; he revolutionized the factory production through the use of the assembly line and popularized the affordable automobile | Henry Ford |
| American Pioneers of aviation; piloted the first successful gas-powered aircraft | Wilbur and Orville Wright |
| a machine perfected by Samuel F.B. Morse in 1832; it uses pulses of electric current to send messages across long distances through wires | telegraph |
| American artist and inventor; he applied scientists' discoveries of electricity and magnetism to develop the telegraph | Samuel Morse |
| American inventor and educator; his interest in electrical and mechanical devices to aid people with hearing impairments lead to the development and patent of the telephone | Alexander Graham Bell |
| Italian physicist; he experimented with the wireless telegraphy and established communication across the English Channel between France and England | Guglielmo Marconi |
| English scientist; he proposed the theory of evolution through natural selection, which came to be known as Darwinism | Charles Darwin |
| European chemists and physicists; they discovered radium and polonium in 1898 | Marie and Pierre Curie |
| a process in which certain elements constantly break down and release energy | radioactivity |
| American theoretical physicist; he developed the theory of relativity among his many scientific theories and was awarded the Nobel Prize for physics | Albert Einstein |
| French chemist; his experiments with bacteria disproved the theory of spontaneous generation and led to the germ theory of infection; He also developed vaccines for anthrax and rabies | Louis Pasteur |
| the process of heating liquids to kill bacteria and prevent fermentation | pasteurization |
| a drug that inhibits pain during surgery | anesthetic |
| Russian physiologist and experimental psychologist; he researched the physiology of the heart, the digestive system, the brain, and the higher nervous system | Ivan Pavlov |
| Austrian psychiatrist and founder of psychoanalysis; he treated hysteria using hypnosis and believed that complexes of repressed and forgotten impressions underlie all abnormal mental states | Sigmund Freud |
| the migration of people from rural areas to cities | urbanization |
| an artistic and literary movement at the beginning of the 1800s which rejected the rationalism of the enlightenment in favor of emotion, intuition, and imagination | romanticism |
| English romantic poet; his works include The Evening Walk, Descriptive Sketches, The Prelude, and The Excursion | William Wordsworth |
| German composer who spanned the Classical and Romantic periods; often considered the greatest composer; wrote symphonies, quartets, and sonatas | Ludwig van Beethoven |
| a mid-1800s movement in art and literature that rejected romanticism and sought to depict the details of everyday life, no matter how unpleasant | realism |
| English author during the Victorian era; he wrote Great Expectations, A Christmas Carol,Oliver Twist, and A Tale of Two Cities, among many other works | Charles Dickens |
| Russian novelist; his novel War and Peace portrayed war as confusing and horrible | Leo Tolstoy |
| Norwegian poet and dramatist; he wrote A Doll's House, which revealed the unfair treatment of women in the home | Henrik Ibsen |
| a new style of painting that began in France in the 1860s in which artists used light, vivid color, and seeming motion to capture an impression of a scene | impressionism |
Created by:
JoeyReid
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