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chp 7 test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| a drug that prevents pain during surgery | anesthetic |
| the process of taking over and consolidating land formerly shared by peasant farmers | enclosure |
| Scottish engineer who improved the efficiency of the steam engine, making it the key source of power for the INdustrial Revolution | James Watt |
| to separate iron from its ore | smelt |
| money to invest in enterprises | capital |
| a business organization in an area such as shipping, mining, railroads, or facotries | enterprise |
| someone who manages and assumes the financial risks of starting a new business | entrepreneur |
| cottage industry; raw cotton was distributed to peasant families, who spun it into thread and then wove the thread into cloth in their homes | putting-out system |
| in 1793, invented the cotton gin, which sped up the previously time-consuming job of separating cotton fibers from cotton seeds | Eli Whitney |
| private road built by a entrepreneur who charged travelers a toll, or fee, for use | turnpike |
| site of the world's first major rail line in 1830 | Liverpool to Manchester |
| the movement of people to cities | urbanization |
| crowded, multistory building divided into apartments | tenement |
| workers organization | labor union |
| British economist; wrote An Essay on the Principles of Population warning that the population would outgrow the food supply | Thomas Malthus |
| British philosopher and economist who advocated utilitarianism | Jeremy Bentham |
| the idea that the goal of society should be "the greatest happiness for the greatest number of citizens," and that this should be the basis for judging all laws | utilitarianism |
| the belief that the means of production should be owned and operated by and for the people in general rather than by and for private individuals | socialism |
| farms, factories, railways, mines, and other large businesses that produce and distribute goods | means of production |
| a Utopian who set up a model community at his cotton mill in Scotland | Robert Owen |
| German philosopher who, with Frederick Engels, published The Communist Manifesto predicting class struggle | Karl Marx |
| in practice, a system in which a small elite controlled the political and economic life of a nation | communism |
| society's "have nots," the working class | proletariat |
| a political ideology favoring gradual transition from capitalism to socialism | social democracy |
Created by:
fosterwiygul
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