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World History 0014
Praxis II
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| basic achievements of early civilizations | wheel alphabets math time measurements art and architecture alphabetic writing defined religion commonality and diversity ( separate geographically and culturally but all developed trade, writing, cities |
| Neolithic Revolution 10,000 B.C.E. | developed architectural societies rise in economic, political, and social organizations began in middle east and spread into India, North Africa, and Europe give humans the ability to remain settled permanently |
| civilization 6000 to 3500 B.C.E. | developed alongside major rivers for agricultural production ( River Valley) create a basic set of tools introduced writing, mathematics, politics |
| Tigris Euphrates civilization 3500 B.C.E. | originated in Valley of Tigris and Euphrates rivers in Mesopotamia started from scratch with no model or examples (Sumerian people) created cuneiform ( earliest form of writing) developed astronomical science and religious beliefs |
| Tigris and Euphrates civilization 3500 B.C.E. | established political system with a king and organized the city states improved agriculture through fertilizer used silver to conduct trade and commercial trade developed procedures for a walk work and property right focused on a standard legal system |
| Egyptian civilization 3000 B.C.E. | emerged along the Nile River in northern Africa model trade on Mesopotamia built impressive architectural structures (pyramind and sphinx) |
| Indian and Chinese River Valley civilization 2500 B.C.E. | developed along the Indus River prospered in urban civilizations traded with Mesopotamia developed well-defined alphabets and artistic forms maintained and regulated irrigation system |
| Indian and Chinese River Valley civilization 2500 B.C.E. | created advanced engineering and architectural technology developed impressive intellectual establishment constructed massive tombs and palaces invaded and destroyed by Indo European |
| there were three recognize classical civilizations that contributed to the present day organization each of these major civilization | expanding trade and provided other influences to areas outside their own borders re-evaluated and reconstructed key institutions upon the decline and fall of empires or rules policies and values created new and various religions |
| there were three recognize classical civilizations that contributed to the present day organization each of these major civilization | increased agricultural options and opportunities extended the territories integrated people and societies ( social cohesion |
| China civilization 1029 B.C.E. political major accomplishments | began bureaucracy training establish a system of tax collection promoted mandatory labor services |
| China civilization 1029 B.C.E. religion and culture major accomplishments | developed Confucianism and Daoism promoted personal aspects of acting with self-control, humility and respect embraced harmony in nature stressed details in art and craftsmanship encouraged geometrical and decorative arts developed accurate calendars |
| China civilization 1029 B.C.E. religion and culture major accomplishments | studied mathematics of music studying science to practical uses |
| China civilization 1029 B.C.E. economy and society major accomplishments | established three major social groups; upper-class, laboring peasants, unskilled laborers excelled in technologies, promoted trade as essential encouraged tight knit family unit instilled patriarchal society ( women subordinate to men) arranged marriag |
| civilization of Greece and Rome 800 B.C.E. political major accomplishments | emphasized aristocratic rule but democratic elements were present formed democracy in Greece promoted intense loyalty to state created uniform legal principles |
| civilization of Greece and Rome 800 B.C.E. religion and culture major accomplishments | taught moderation and balance ( Aristotle and Cicero) taught followers to have conventional wisdom using rational inquiry ( Socrates) excelled in sculpture, architecture and plays ( Greeks) promoted geometry and anatomy ( Grreeks) |
| civilization of Greece and Rome 800 B.C.E. religion and culture major accomplishments | greatest contribution science (Greece) |
| civilizations of Greece and Rome 800 B.C.E. economy and society Major accomplishments | developed systems of agriculture farming participated in extensive trade by using a structure of slavery promoted a unified family structure instilled a patriarchal community, although all women could own property |
| civilization of India 600 B.C.E. political major accomplishments | practice diversity and religion ( still today) established Caste System (social classes) utilized a variety of languages |
| civilization of India 600 B.C.E. religion and culture major accomplishments | promoted Hinduism and Buddhism taught religion, medicine and architecture in universities excelled in science and mathematics developed the concept of zero Arabic numerals, and decimal system created lively and colorful art |
| civilization of India 600 B.C.E. economy and society major accomplishments | established extensive internal and external successful trade practices promoted patriarchal society, dominance over women emphasized family, group or government, not individuals utilized 89 opposed social hierarchy, caste system |
| non-European civilizations | Mayans, Mongolians, Muslim/Islam, Africa, Inca |
| Mayans | astronomy and mathematics, elaborate written language system, architecture and art |
| Mongolians | nomadic society with law code unification, strong military, but transmitted disease across continents |
| Muslim/Islam | Islamic religion, chemistry advances, high-quality maps, influential arts and sciences |
| Africa | stateless societies |
| Inca | artistic pottery including, metallurgy, architecture, irrigation,road systems, supreme military organization, and agriculture |
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