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Chapter (9)
Chapter 9 (All questions including missed on self test)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What civilization had the biggest cities? | China |
| What type of technologies did China make that changed the world? | gunpowder and printing |
| What are all of the dynasties? | Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han, Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, Qing, Republic, and Mao Zedong |
| What did the collapse of the Han cause? | less national power and more power to local families |
| Nomads from the north became Chinese which... | allowed Buddism and Doaism to creep into China. |
| Why did Buddhism and Daoism discredit Confucianism? | bc it was tied to the national government |
| What made Daoism and Buddhism easier to creep into China? | less Confuciainsm |
| How long was the Sui Dynasty? | from 589-618 CE |
| How did the Sui Dynasty unify China? | by creating a canal system |
| How long was the canal system? | 1200 miles |
| What did the canal system link? | northern to southern China. |
| What did the canal system bring? | lots of money due to trading |
| What is Neo-Confucianism? | Buddhism, Daoism and Confucianism combined |
| Culturally what did the Song Dynasty focus on? | poetry, painting (landscapes) and ceramics this importance placed on scholarship brought Neo Confucianism |
| Politically, what did the Tang and Song Dynasties build? | a state structure that endured for a thousand years |
| What did the Tang and Song Dynasties become economically? | the richest empire on Earth. |
| What types of industry did they have? | printing, gunpowder and shipbuilding |
| What was the Tang and Song Dynasties also known as? | the most commercialized place on earth (producing for the market, not for self use) |
| During the Tang Dynasty, how did women's lives change? | more freedoms thanks to influence of steppe nomads in the north. |
| During the Song Dynasty, how did women's lives change? | Confuciansim came back, began footbinding, men took away textile jobs from women, some women became maids, cooks and shopworkers |
| How were the lives for upper class women in the Song Dynasty? | most were concubines, entertainers, prostitutes or wives |
| What is the Wife/Concubine situation? | makes wife less powerful in negotiations with husband- put women against each other |
| Why were some women educated? | to better raise their sons |
| Why did the Chinese interact with their nomadic neighbors to the north? | the nomads were not very agricultural so they got grain from China. |
| What did the leaders of the nomad also like from China? | luxury goods like silk and wine |
| What did the Chinese want from the nomads? | horses |
| Who did the Chinese mostly interact with? | the north |
| What did China see itself as? | the center of the world |
| What does the "Middle Kingdom" mean? | literally the center of the universe |
| Why did China allow itself to deal with the barbarians? | they didnt really need anything from them but the Chinese knew that the barbarians needed lots of Chinese stuff |
| What did the Chinese think they could do? | the Chinese thought that they could civilize the barbarians |
| What is a barbarian? | a member of a community or tribe not belonging to one of the great civilization |
| Why did the Chinese government give other states gifts that were worth more than the tributes that they paid to China? | it kept some strong neighbors near China from getting to aggresive. |
| What did the foriegners have to do in order to trade in China? | had to kowtow and pay tribute to the Emperor |
| What is a tribute? | expensive gifts from that persons country |
| What are bestowals? | gifts from China to the traders- they were sometimes worth more than tributes |
| What was the tribute and bestowal relationship between other countries like? | mob and protection money |
| Who were the Xiongnu in relation to the Chinese? | nomads north of China during the Han, raided China |
| What did the reverse tribute system between Xiongnu and China include? | grain wine and princesses |
| Who were the Uighurs? | Turkic-from Turkic language- West of China |
| Who were the Uighurs in relation to Chinese? | they rescued the Tang Dynasty from a serious internal revolt in the 750s |
| In return what did the Uighurs gain? | One of the Chinese emperor's daughters as a wife and long term trade of bad horses for good silk |
| Who were the Khitan and the Jurchen in relation to the Chinese? | when part of northern China fell during the Tang, they took over the fallen land. |
| What did the Khitan and the Jurchen forced Song to do? | they forced them to send them silk to stop threat of taking over more Chinese land. |
| Did the Chinese convert many nomads to their Chinese cultural ways? | No, some elite did but they always remained different from the Chinese. |
| What was the main reason the Chinese communicated with the nomads? | bc chinese agriculture was impossible |
| What happened to any group from the south that was taken over? | they generally became very incorporated culturally. |
| What two dynasties had mixed barbarian and Chinese blood? | the Sui and Tang dynasty |
| What dynasty dressed like western barbarians? | the elites of the Tang Dynasty |
| What does it mean when you say Korea and Vietnam became vassal states? | they had to pay tribute to China |
| What country was never conquered by China and particpated as a vassal less than Korea and Vietnam? | Japan |
| What did Korea, Japan and Vietnam all borrow from Chinese influence? | Confucianism, Daoism and Buddhism, civil service system, art and literature |
| What 2 countries had Chinese colonizers? | Korea and Vietnam |
| Why was Japan different from Korea and Vietnam? | bc it was seperated by sea from China, it only borrowed a few things |
| What did Japan stop doing on the 900s? | the tribute system which allowed them to grow a new independent culture |
| What did Vietnam become for 1000 years? | a "part of China" |
| What country became more Chinese than Korea and Japan? | Vietnam |
| What influences did Vietnam use that came from China? | Confucianism, agriculture techniques, Chinese language, hairstyle and clothing |
| How did Korean rulers gain more power? | by being aligned with China. |
| What did Korea model its capital city after? | the Chinese capital |
| Why did taking lots of Chinese culture hurt Korean women? | took away the freedoms that they used to have. |
| What country had similar interaction with China like Korea? | Vietnam |
| What did Vietnam adopt from China? | government and the civil service systems |
| What did the Vietnam base their writing on? | the Chinese |
| How were women different in Vietnam than Korea? | the women kept more power than in Korea |
| What country was never conquered by China? | Japan |
| What country does not touch China? | Japan |
| Who did the Japanses send to China in the 800s? | scholars to learn about China |
| What did the Japanses model China after? | their capital cities were modeled after Chinas |
| Unlike China, Japan never got... | a unified government |
| What happened in Vietnam and Korea that did not happen in Japan? | Buddhism took hold in Korea and Vietnam but didnt in Japan. |
| What happened to the women in Japan? | the women escaped most Confucianist rules |
| Why were the Trung Sisters upset? | Dad was deposed by Chinese and one of their husbands was executed by the Chinese. |
| Where were the Trung Sisters from? | they were from Vietnam |
| What did the Trung Sisters do bc they were upset? | dressed in military clothes and addressed 30,000 Vietnamese soldiers. |
| Instead of the Trung Sisters surrendering what did they do? | they committed suicide |
| How are the Trung Sisters viewed today in Vietnam? | as heroes. |
| In what ways did Japanese women experience the pressures of Confucian orthodoxy? | japanses kept cultural ways |
| What cultural ways did the Japanses keep? | remarriage, big feetm and going out in public |
| In what ways did Korean women experience the pressure of Confucian orthodoxy? | korean women faced Chinese Confucianism |
| How were Japanese marriages different than Korean? | Japanses marriages were broken easily and men often moved in with the wife's family. |
| Why didnt the Japanese succeed in creating an effective centralized and bureaucratic like China? | bc it didnt have one central government |
| What happened to the Japanese emperor over the centuries? | he lost his power |
| How did the Japanese Emperor loose power? | local rich families had their own ways and that grew to become their own culture. |
| How was salt made in China? | through solar evaporation |
| What techniques or technology did China export to Eurasia? | salt, papermaking, printing, moveable type and gunpowder |
| What techniques or technology did China import from India? | cotton and sugar |
| What techniques or technology did China import from Vietnam? | rice |
| What did the import of rice to China from Vietnam cause? | huge population boom |
| What happened after the Han fell? | chaos followed discrediting Confuciainism |
| Why did Northern nomads like Buddhism? | bc it was foreign in China like the nomads were foreign in China. |
| What was the Buddha known as? | the "barbarian god" |
| What did the elites pay for? | Buddhist temples and art |
| What happened when the Han fell? | former officials fled south to China |
| What did the former officials see Buddhism as? | a comfort as society crumbled |
| What was Buddhism to the former officicals at that time? | safety and reassurance in time of chaos. |
| What dynasties supported Buddhism? | the Sui and the Tang |
| What type of cultural borrowing was China doing until communism in the 1950s? | large scale cultural borrowing |
| Where did the cultural borrowing come from? | on the silk roads |
| What did the chinese think that the Buddhist had? | powers |
| What did the Sui and Tang dynasties like? | Mahayana Buddhism bc it always tied to the government |
| How did some Chinese people see Buddhism as? | A challenge to the Emperor's power. |
| Why did some people resent Buddhism? | Bc of its wealth and bc it was foreign which was offensive to Confucianists and Daoist. |
| What is xenophobia? | fear of foreigners. |
| What could have caused xenophobia? | An Lushan rebellion which was led by a foreign general |
| What was against family focus of Confucianism? | Monks being celibate and withdrawn from society. |
| What led to the government forcing 260,000 monks and nuns to stop? | all of the rebellions |
| What happened to the temples? | they were destroyed and converted |
| What was not allowed in Buddhist art? | no precious metals or gems |
| What happens to Buddhism in China? | it dropped but stayed around and remained a popular religion. |
| A development of China between 220 to about 580 that was during their political fragmentatiin is? | Chinese migrants spread into the Yangzi River valley, beginning a major transformation of China's environment. |
| When women gained property rights, what did that include? | the ability to inherit properties from their families. |
| What beielfs did the Chinese have about their society? | that it was self sufficent |
| What did the Chinese think the barbarians craved? | Chinese wealth and learning. |
| What do the Xiongnu, Uighurs, Khitan, and the Jurchen have in common? | all 4 established nomadic empires to the North of China |
| What did all 4 gain large amounts of? | valuable goods from China |
| What were those gifts used for? | thinely disguised "protection money" that kept them from attacking China |
| Why did Buddhism loose state support in China? | bc Buddhists led the An Lushan Rebellion |
Created by:
1213meganhouk
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