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Chapter 9
Unit 3- China
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What technologies did China create that changed the world? | Gunpowder and printing |
| What did China's neighbors feel? | The gravitational pull of their culture. |
| What kind of cities did China have in Unit 3? | The biggest in the world. |
| What are the Chinese dynasties, in the chronological order? | Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han, Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, Ching, Republic, Mao Zedong(People's Republic) |
| What two dynasties in China had an age of warring states following them? | Zhou and Han |
| What was the People's Republic? | Communism |
| What did the collapse of the Han lead to? | Less national power and more power to local familes. |
| What religion lessened and made Daoism and Buddhism creep into China? | Confucianism |
| Why did Buddhism and Daoism discredit Confucianism? | It was tied to the national government. |
| What did the nomads from the north become? | Very Chinese |
| Who ruled parts of northern China? | The nomads from the north. |
| What did the 1200 mile canal system during the Sui dynasty do? | Linked northern to southern China |
| How was lots of money brought to the Sui dynasty? | Trade |
| What happened during the Siu dynasty due to trade? | Lots of money was brought in. |
| How did the Sui dynasty unify China? | They made a big canal system and got lots of money. |
| What are the Tang and Song dynasties regarded as? | The Golden Age of Chinese Achievement |
| What cultural things did the Tang and Song dynasties have? | Poetry, paintings of landscapes, and ceramics |
| In the Song dynasty, what was brought from the importance placed on scholarship? | Neo-Confucianism |
| What brought Neo-Confucianism to the Song dynasty? | The importance that was placed on scholarship |
| What brought on a huge population growth during the Tang and Song dynasties? | New rice growing methods |
| What were the cities like in the Tang and Song dynasties? | Huge |
| What were the Tang and Song dynasties like politically? | They built a state structure that endured for a 1000 years. |
| What were the Tang and Song dynasties like economically? | They became the richest empires on Earth |
| What industry did the Tang and Song dynasties have? | Printing, gunpowder, and shipbuilding |
| What was commericial life like in the Tang and Song dynasties? | They produced for the market, not for self-use |
| How did women's lives change during the Tang dynasty? | They got more freedoms because of the steppe nomads in the north. |
| Why did women in the Tang dynasty get more freedoms? | Because of the steppe nomads in the north. |
| What caused women in the Song dynasty to lose freedoms? | China got richer and Confucianism came back. |
| What jobs did the men take over from the women during the Song? | Textile jobs |
| What practice started on women during the Song? | Foot binding |
| What jobs did women have during the Song? | Some became maids, cooks, or shop-workers. The upper-class women became concubines, entertainers, prostitutes, or wives. |
| What happened when a man had a wife and concubine? | The wife becomes less powerful in negotiations with husband and put the women against each other. |
| Why were some women educated? | To better raise their sons. |
| Where did China mostly interact with? | The north |
| What happened to the nomads in the north? | They grew in population |
| Why did the nomads get grain from China? | They weren't agricultural. |
| What did the leaders of the nomads like from China? | Luxury goods like silk and wine. |
| What did the Chinese want from the nomads? | Horses |
| What did China see itself as? | The center of the world |
| What is "Middle Kingdom"? | The center of the universe |
| Did China need anything from the barbarians? | No |
| Why did China deal with barbarian? | They thought they could civilize them and they needed Chinese things. |
| What did the Chinese governments give other states? | Gifts that were worth more that the tributes those states paid China. |
| What did all foreigners to China have to do to the emperor? | Kowtow and pay tribute (expensive stuff from their country) |
| What were foreigners allowed to do in China after kowtowing and paying tribute to the emperor? | Trade in China |
| What did China give the traders? | Bestowals, or gifts |
| Why were the bestowals China gave to other states worth more than than the tributes? | It kept strong neighbors near China from getting too aggressive. |
| Who are the Xiongnu? | Nomads north of China during the Han. |
| What did the Xiongnu do to China? | Raided them and forced a reverse tribute system and included grain, wine, and princesses. |
| Who were the Uighurs? | They were west of China and were from the Turkic language. |
| Who did the Uighurs rescue and what did they rescue them from? | The Tang dynasty from a serious internal revolt. |
| In return for their rescue of the Tang, what did the Uighurs gain from China? | One of the Chinese emperor's daughters as a wife and a long term trade of bad horses for good silk. |
| Who were the Khitan Jurchen? | The people that took over the fallen land after part of north China fell during the Tang. |
| What did the Khitan Jurchen force the Song dynasty to do? | Send them silk to stop the threat of taking over more Chinese land. |
| What is the main reason that the nomads didn't take on a lot of Chinese culture? | Chinese agriculture was impossible. |
| Some of what group of the nomads took on Chinese culture, but still remained different> | The elite |
| What generally happened in the south when a group was taken over? | It was incorporated culturally to Chinese. |
| What did the founders of the Sui and Tang dynasty have? | Mixed barbarian and Chinese blood |
| What fad did the Tang elite have? | Dress and style similar to "western barbarians" |
| What kind of state did Korea and Vietnam become? | Vassal states, meaning they paid tribute to China. |
| What did Korea, Vietnam, and Japan borrow from China? | Confucianism, Daoism, Buddhism, civil service system, art, and literature. |
| Why was Japan different than Korea and Vietnam when it came to China? | They were seperated by the sea, they only borrowed some things, and they stopped the tribute system and grew a new culture independently. |
| What did Vietnam become? | A part of China for 1000 years. |
| What 2 countries had some Chinese colonizers? | Korea and Vietnam |
| Which country : Vietnam, Japan, or Korea, became more Chinese than the other two? | Vietnam |
| Why was Vietnam more Chinese than Korea and Japan? | They had Confucianism, their agriculture techniques, Chinese language, hairstyle, and clothing. |
| How did Korean rulers get power? | By being aligned with China |
| What did Korea model their capital city after? | The Chinese capital. |
| What did Korea do to women and how? | Hurt them because they used to have a lot more freedoms. |
| What did Korea take lots of from China? | Their culture |
| What did Vietnam adopt from China? | Their government and civil service system |
| What was Vietnamese writing based on? | The Chinese |
| Where did women keep more power, Korea or Vietnam? | Vietnam |
| Vietnam had similar interaction with China like...? | Korea |
| What country was never conquered by China? | Japan |
| What did Japan send scholars to do and when? | Learn about China in 800s. |
| Who did Japan model their capital cities after? | China's |
| What did women in Japan escape? | Most Confucianist rules |
| What religion didn't take hold in Japan that did in Korea and Vietnam? | Buddhism |
| What did Japan's government never become like China's? | A unified government |
| Where were the Trung sisters from? | Vietnam |
| What did the Turng sisters dress in? | Military clothes |
| Who did the Turng sisters address? | 30,000 Vietnamese soldiers |
| What happened to the Trung sisters' dad? | He was deposed by the Chinese. |
| What happened to one of the Trung sisters' husbands? | He was executed by the Chinese. |
| What did the Trung sisters do when the uprising was crushed? | Committed suicide |
| Why did the Turng sisters commit suicide? | The uprising was crushed and they didn't want to have to surrender. |
| What are the Trung sisters viewed as in Vietnam today? | Heroes |
| What religion did Korean women face? | Chinese Confucianism |
| In what 2 countries did women experience the pressures of Confucian orthodoxy? | Japan and Korea |
| What cultural ways did Japanese women keep? | Remarriage, big feet, and going out in public. |
| What was marriage like in Japan? | They could be broken easily and sometimes the man moved in the family of the wife. |
| What did the Japanese not succeed in creating? | An effective centralized and bureaucratic state to match that of China. |
| What kind of government did Japan not have? | A central government |
| What happened to Japan's emperor? | He lost power through the centuries |
| Why did local rich families in Japan become their own culture? | They had their own ways. |
| What came about because of local rich families in Japan having their own ways? | It grew to be their own culture. |
| What technologies did China export to other regions of Eurasia? | Salt by solar evaporation, papermaking, printing, movable type, and gunpowder. |
| Where did China export their technologies? | Other regions of Eurasia. |
| What did China import from other regions? | Cotton, sugar, and new rice |
| Where did cotton and sugar come from? | India |
| Where did new rice come from? | Vietnam |
| What did the new rice from Vietnam cause? | A huge population boom |
| What happened after the Han fell? | Chaos followed and discredited Confucianism. |
| Why did northern nomads like Buddhism? | It was foreign in China, just like them. |
| What was Buddha to the northern nomads? | A barbarian god |
| What did elites pay for in China? | Buddhist temples and art |
| What did former officials do after the Han fell? | Fled to south China |
| What did former officails of the Han see in Buddhism and why? | As a comfort because society was crumbling and it was safety and reassurance in a time of chaos. |
| What two Chinese dynasties supported Buddhism? | The Sui and Tang |
| How did Buddhism come to China? | On the silk roads. |
| China only had large-scale cultural borrowing until...? | Communism |
| What did communism do to China? | Stopped its large-scale cultural borrowing |
| What did the Chinese think Buddhists had? What form of Buddhism was this? | Powers, Mahayana |
| Who built monastries in China? | Wendi |
| What was Buddhism always tied to in China? | The government |
| What did some people see Buddhism as? | A challenge to the Emperor's power |
| Why did some people resent Buddhism? | Because of its wealth, and it was foreign and offensive to Confucianists and Daoists. |
| What is the term for being afraid of those who are different from you? | Xenophobia |
| What was xenophobia possiby started by? | The An Lushan rebellion because it was led by a foreign general. |
| Why was Buddhism agaist the family focus of Confucianism? | Monks had to be celibate and withdrawn from society. |
| What wasn't allowed in Buddhist art? | Pericous metals or gems |
| What did the drama and rebellion from Buddhism cause? | The governement to force 260,000 monks and nuns to quit practicing te religion. |
| What happened to temples because of the rebel from Buddhism? | They were destroyed or converted. |
| What is Neo-Confucianism? | A mix of Confucian, Buddhist, and Daoist ideas |
| What is Hangzhou? | China's capital during the Song dynasty that had a population of over a million people. |
| Who is Shotoku Taisha? | An aristocrat from Japan who launched a series of large-scale missions to China. |
| What is the 17th Article Constitution? | Issued by Shotoku Taisha and proclaimed the Japanese ruler as a Chinese-style emperor, and also encouraged Buddhism and Confucianism. |
| What is the Heian period of Japanese history? | A highle refined esthetic culture that found expression in the in the imperial court, even as the court's real authority melted away. |
| What is the Tale of Genji? | The first written novel by a woman. |
| What is Pure Land Buddhism? | A form of Buddhism that placed an emphasis on salvation by faith without arduous study or meditation. |
| What was the An Lushan rebellion? | When a genreal of foreign origin led a major revolt against the Tang dynasty because of a large amount of foreign influence in China. |
Created by:
1213CaitlynMullins
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