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Human Geo quiz/final
definitions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Demography | The study of population, numbers,trends,and issues |
| Census | The process of collecting,compiling,and publishing demographic,economic,and social data about all the people living in a particular area. |
| Developed Country | A country with a highly developed economy and infrastructure and high living standards |
| Developing Country | A country with a less sophisticated economy and lower standard of living than developed countries;may have extensive poverty |
| Birth Rate | The number of Births per 1000 people in a country in a given year |
| Death Rate | The number of deaths per 1000 people in a country in a given year |
| Demographic Transition Model | A model that shows Changes in a population's birth and death rates and growth based on technological development |
| Industrialisation | The overall change in a society from farm production and crafts-man-ship to mechanised manufacturing production |
| Urbanisation | The move of people from farms to cities where jobs are available |
| Mortality | Deaths in a population |
| Immigration Rate | The number of new animals in a country in a given year per 1000 people |
| Emigration Rate | The number of people leaving a country in a given year per 1000 people |
| Natural Increase(NI) | The rate at which a population increases (or decreases) in a year expressed as a percentage of the total population,calculated by subtracting the death rate from the birth rate |
| Exponential Rate | A rapid rate of population growth as each generation doubles in size |
| Rule Of 70 | The time it takes a country to double its population,approximately 70 divided by the country's growth rate |
| Doubling Time | The number of years it takes a country to double its population at it current growth rate |
| Net Migration | The difference between the number of people immigrating to a country and the number of people emigrating |
| Migrant | A person who moves from one region to another |
| Life Expectancy | The average number of years an individual is expected to live |
| Family Planning | The concept of limiting the size of families |
| Rhythm Method | A method of birth control in which a couple does not have intercourse during the time when a woman is likely to ovulate |
| Sterilisation | A procedure by which a person's ability to reproduce is destroyed |
| Vasectomy | A form of male sterilisation in which the tube carrying sperm from each testis is cut and tied |
| Coercion | The use of force |
| Contraception | Birth control |
| Total Fertility Rate | The average number of children born over the lifetime of a typical woman in a particular country |
| One-Child Policy | A policy adopted by China to control population growth |
| Infanticide | The act of killing an infant |
| Gender Selection | The choice of whether to keep a fetus based on its gender |
| Nutritional Density | A measure of how much nutrition in calories can be produced from a certain area;an area with fertile soil and adequate temperatures and precipitation will have higher nutritional density than an area such as Canada's North |
| Population Growth Rate | The rate at which a country's population increases or decreases; calculated by adding natural increase and net migration |
| Dependency Ratio | The proportion of the population( children and those over 65 years of age)that is being supported by this working age group |
| Dependency Load | The percentage of a population that is younger than 15 or older than 64 years of age |
| Population Distribution | The pattern of where people live in an area |
| Ecumene | The populated area of the world |
| Population Density | The number of people living in a given area;calculated by dividing the population by its area |
| Population Pyramid | A Bar Graph that shows male and female populations back to back at age intervls for five years back at age intervals of five years |
| Age Cohort | An age group in a population,for example,the number of people between the ages of 10 and 14 |
| Neo-Malthusians | People who share Malthus' pessinimistic views regarding population growth |
| Carrying Capacity | The maximum number of people that can be sustained by an environment |
| Ecological Footprint | The impact of humans on the environment |
| Cornucopians | People who have optimistic views on population growth due to advances in science and technologhy |
| Demographic Regulation | The theory that population growth will level off as living standards improve |
| Infrastructure | Structures such as roads,railways,power grids, and communications links that are basic to the functioning of a modern economy, as well as buildings such as schools and hospitals |
| Developed Countries | The world's wealthiest countries;they have well-established infrasructure and their people are well-housed,healthy,and have good literacy skills |
| Newly Industrialising Countries | Countries that are experiencing rapid economic and industiral growth; many are switching from agricultral to industrial economies |
| Developing Countries | Countries that have lower standards of living than develoed countries; many have extensive poverty |
| Heavily Indebted Poor Countries(HIPCs) | Countries at the low end of the UN Humand Development Index that are in debt to developed nations |
| Human Development Index | The UN's index used to rank standards of living in its memeber countries |
| Standard Of Living | A measure comparing how well people live in different countries based on 3 indicators;life expectancy,literacy rate,and gross domestic product(GDP)per capita |
| Literacy Rate | The percentage of a population that is able to read and write |
| Non-Governmental Organisations(NGOs) | Non-profit local,national,or international groups that work independentlyof government on issuues such as health, the environmnt, or human rights |
| Millennium Development Goals(MDGs) | Eight goals developed by the meber states of the United Nations to close the gap in living standars between developed and developing countries |
| Mortality | Death rate,calculated as number of deaths per 1000 in a population |
| Malnutirtion | Poor,or lack of nourishment |
| Globalisation | The spread of ideas,informstion, and culture around the world through advances in communication, technology, and travel |
| Multinational Corporations(MNCs) | Companies that do business in more than one country |
| World Bank | An internationalgorup of five financial institutions that provide financial and technical help to developing countries |
| Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development(OCED) | Originally created as the Organisation for European Economic Co-operation(OECD) to administer the Marshall Plan to rebuild Europe after the second worl war ;OCEDA's mission is to improve living standards in developing countries |
| Bilateral Aid | Assistance from one country to another |
| Subsistence Farmimg | A f orm of farming in which the crops grown are used to feed the farmr and his or her family , with little or nithing left over to sell or trade |
Created by:
Ama B
Popular AP Human Geography sets