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A & P 01 F

CanColl May12 MCQ AP1 F

QuestionAnswer
Thrombus a clot that forms in an unbroken blood vessel
embolus blood clot, bubble of air or fat or debris - transported by the blood
what are some examples of anticoagulents? antithrombin III (AT III), heparin, coumadin (warfarin)
which of the three examples of anticoagulents is a pharmaceutical preparation? coumadin - the others occur naturally within the body
What are the various blood types A, B, AB and O
what type of antigens does each type have A - A, B - B, AB - A & B, O - neither
what type of antibodies does each type have A - B, B - A, AB - neither, O - both A & B
which type is the universal recipient type AB is the universal recipient - AB has neither anti-body
which type can type A or B receive? each type can recieve their own type - plus O type.
which type can type O receive O type can receive only O type blood because it has both sets of anti-bodies
What type is considered the universal donor type? type O has no antigens to identify it - and so it can be transfused into any type of blood
erythroblastosis fetalis aka hemolytic disease of newborn HDN RH- mother receives blood from RH+ fetus - creating ant-RH antibodies in her blood. In Second pregnancy - if the fetus is RH+ and recs blood from mother - hemolysis occurs in newborn
how is HDN prevented all RH- mothers rec injection of anti-RH antibodies after deliver, which inactivates the fetal antigens - so the mother's system does not produce antibodies
anemia oxygen-carrying capacity of blood is reduced - many different causes
RBCs - have no nucleus - but contain hemoglobin
WBCs - have a nucleus - but do not contain hemoglobin
To combat pathogens, WBCs sometimes leave the blood vessel - this process is called emigration
lymphocytes major types are: B cells, T cells and natural killer cells - the major combatants in defensive immune reponses
monocytes differentiate into macrophages
neutrophils differentiate into phagocytes
these two phagocytes are attracted to their targets ( microbes and inflamed tissues) by a process called chemotaxis
Of the monocytes and neutrophils - both are phagocytic - which arrives first the neutrophils arrive first - the monocytes come later, but in larger numbers
granular leukocytes include eosinophils, basophils and neutrophils
agranular leukocytes include lymphocytes and monocytes
eosinophils & basophils - a balancing act... eosinophils - fight and reverse the effects of inflammation - while basophils intensify the effects of inflammation by releasing more heparin, histamine and serotonin.
Atherosclerosis an accumulation of cholesterol and smooth mm fibre of the tunica mm - may become obstructive
Arteriosclerosis a group of diseases characterized by thickening of the walls of the arteries and the loss of elasticity
necrosis a pathological type of cell death
hypertrophic scar a scar that remains within the boundaries of the original wound
keloid scar a scar that extends beyond the boundaries of the original wound
what are the four steps of deep wound healing inflammation phase, migratory phase, proliferation phase and maturation phase
contact inhibition refers to the movements and actions of epidermal cells when they meet each other...they stop when contacted on all sides
histamine causes vasodilation and increased permeability of blood vessels
prostaglandins released by damaged cells - they intensify the effects of histamine and kinins
Kinins induce vasodilation and inc permeability - and - act as chemotactic agents for phagocytes
chronic inflammation long-term, ongoing - where there is simultaneous inflammation, healing and destruction taking place
what can cause chronic inflammation infection, foreign bodies (sliver), hypersensitivity, autoimmune disease
Created by: Hanz Onn
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