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A & P 01 B
CanColl May12 MCQ AP1 B
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| inorganic chemistry | compounds that do not contain carbon |
| examples of inorganic compounds | oxygen, water, and many salts and bases |
| organic compounds | contian carbon atoms |
| examples of organic compounds | carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, ATP, CO2 |
| Properties of water | solvency, polarity, participates in chemical reactions i.e. hydrolisis, thermal capacity, heat of vaporization, lubrication |
| cation | a chemical that has given up an electron - i.e. a positive ion |
| anion | a chemical that has an extra electron - ie. a negative ion |
| pH is | a symbol of the measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution |
| the pH scale runs from | 0 to 14. 7 or halfway is considered to be neutral |
| the more hydrogen ions the more | acidic is the solution |
| the more acidic the solution the higher or lower is it on the pH scale | lower |
| the lower you go on the scale - the more acidic or akaline is the solution | acidic |
| pH of coffee | approx 5 |
| distilled water is pH of | pH 7 = neutral |
| pH of normal blood | approx 7.4 |
| if blood pH is below 7.4 - it is called | acidosis |
| if blood pH is above 7.45 - is is called | alkalosis |
| negative feedback loop | the response to the info form the control centre reverses the original stimulus - most are of this type |
| postive feeback loop | the response to the info from the control centre enhances or intensifies the original stimulus |
| example of negative feedback loop | stress causes BP to rise - control centre interprets and signals heart to slow down - thus reducing BP - back to normal |
| example of postive feedback loop | during labour - muscular contractions stretch the uterus - receptors signal the control centre to release oxytocin - which creates more powerful contractions |
| name three types of monosaccharides | glucose, fructose and galactose |
| name three types of diasacchrides | glucose+fructose = sucrose, glucose+galactose = lactose, glucose+glucose= maltose |
| name three types of triglycerides | saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats. |
| phospholipids are the main component of what structure in the body | cell membranes - the walls of the cells |
| what is the role of enzymes | they act as catalysts - substances that can speed up chemical reactions without being altered (changing temp or pressure) |
| nucleic acids are | huge organic molecules of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosporus - there are two types |
| name the two types of nucleic acids | RNA and DNA |
| What is the difference between RNA and DNA | RNA - single strand - relays blueprint for assembly of proteins DNA - double strand forms the genetic material in each cell |
| what makes up the coded nitrogen base of the nucleotides in DNA | A Adenine, T thymine, C cytosine, G guanine |
| what makes up the main energy source of the body? | Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) |
| Where does ATP come from | it is supplied by the breakdown of glucose in a process called cellular respiration |
| What are the two phases of cellular respiration | anaerobic (absence of oxygen) = 2 ATP then aerobic (with oxygen) = 36 -38 ATP |
| which four elements make up 90% of our body mass? | oxygen, carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen |
| name the four principal parts of the cell | plasma (cell) membrane, cytosol, organelles (main one is the nucleus), inclusions (temporary structures) |
| what is another name for the cytosol | intracellular fluid |
| organelles - endoplasmic reticulum (ER) | two types - Smooth (SER) synthesis of fats = Rough (RER) synthesis of proteins |
| organelles - golgi apparatus | secretory - mini-factory - processes, sorts, packages and delivers proteins and lipids to the plasma membrane |
| organelles - golgi apparatus | the golgi apparatus also creates lysosomes - which are vesicles that digest debris - garbage disposal system |
| organelles - mitochonria | (mighty) mitochondria is known as the powerhouse of the cell - ATP generation |
| organelles - cytoskeleton | series of filaments that give the cell shape - microfilaments, microtubules and intermediate filaments |
| organelles - ribosomes | tiny granules that contain rRNA - ribosomal RNA for protein synthesis |
| organelles - nucleus | largest struct - usually oval or circular - made up of nuclear membrane (walls) and nucleoli (clusters of protein, DNA and RNA) |
| what is a common cell in the body that does not contain a nucleus? | the red blood cell |
| what is the programmed death of a cell | apoptosis |
| DNA vs RNA | DNA double stranded - does not leave the nucleus...RNA - single strand - leaves nucleus - creates a copy of the genetic material |
| what is the purpose of transcription | to make a copy of the DNA - and the name of the copy is RNA |
| When the RNA leaves the nucleus - where does it go? | To the RER - rough endoplasmic reticulum - this is continuous with the nucleus (attached) and is the site of protein synthesis |
| Where does transcription take place | in the nucleus of the cell |
| what is the purpose of translation | to make a protein from the RNA strand |
| where does translation take place | in the cytoplasm of the cell |
| what are the two steps involved in protein synthesis in a cell? | transcription and translation |
| How is the complementary RNA sequence determined from a DNA sequence? | A binds to T and C binds with G - except that the RNA does not contain T but uses U |
| example - what is the RNA sequence for the following DNA sequence: cytosine, guanine, thyamine, adenine | the RNA complementary sequence would be: guanine, cytosine, adenine and uracil (instead of thyamine) |
Created by:
Hanz Onn
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