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Chapter 21 Vocab
Key Terms and People
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| a period of rapid growth in the use of machines in manufacturing and production that began in the mid-1700's | Industrial Revolution |
| a process in Europe in the 1700s to the mid-1800s where landowners fenced small fields to create large farms, allowing for more efficient farming methods and increased the food supply | Enclosure movement |
| the basic resources for industrialization, such as land, labor, and capital | Factors of production |
| a usually small-scale industry carried on at home by family members using their own equipment | cottage industry |
| a place where goods are made in mass quantity | factory |
| developing industries for the production of goods | industrialization |
| British inventor; he invented the seed drill | Jethro Tull |
| English inventor; in 1769 he patented the spinning frame, which spun stronger, thinner, thread | Richard Arkwright |
| Scottish inventor; he developed crucial innovations to make the steam engine efficient, fast, and better able to power machinery | James Watt |
| American engineer and inventor; he built the first commercially successful, full-sized steamboat, the Clermont, which led to the development of commercial steamboat ferry services for goods and people | Robert Fulton |
| an organization representing workers' interests | Labor union |
| a work stoppage | strike |
| the system of manufacturing large numbers of identical items | mass production |
| identical machine-made parts that can be substituted for each other in manufacturing | interchangeable parts |
| a mass-production process in which a product is moved forward through many work stations where workers perform specific tasks | assembly line |
| a business system where companies are allowed to conduct business without interference by the government | Laissez-faire |
| Scottish economist; he became the leading advocate of laissez faire economics and is considered by some to be the father of modern economics | Adam Smith |
| English economist and sociologist; his theory that population growth would exceed the growth of food production and that poverty would always exist was used to justify low wages and laws restricting charity to the poor | Thomas Malthus |
| a risk taker who starts a new business within the economic system of capitalism | Entrepreneur |
| American industrialist and humanitarian; he led the expansion of the U.S. steel industry in the late 1800s and early 1900s | Andrew Carnegie |
| a political and economic system in which society, usually in the form of government, owns the means of production | Socialism |
| German social philosopher and chief theorist of modern socialism and communism | Karl Marx |
| economic and political system in which government owns the means of production and controls economic planning | Communism |
| a measure of the quality of life | Standard of living |
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JoeyReid
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