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chapter 21 vocab
key terms and people
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Section1: Industrial Revolution | -A period of rapid growth in the use of machines in manufacturing and production that began in the mid-1700s. |
| Enclosure movement | -A process in Europe from 1700s to the mid-1800s where landowners fenced small fields to create large farms, allowing for more effcient farming methods and increased the food supply. |
| Factors of production | -The basic resources for industrialization, such as land, labor, and capital. |
| Cottage industry | -A usually small-scale industry carried on at home by family members using there own equipment. |
| Factory | -A place were goods are manufactured in mass quantity. |
| Industrialization | -Developing industries for the production of goods. |
| Jethro Tull (1674-1741) | -Jethro Tull (1674-1741); a British inventer; who invented the seed drill. |
| Richard Arkwright (1732-1792) | -Richard Arkwright (1732-1792); English inventer; in 1769 he patented the spinning frame, which spun stronger, thinner, thread. |
| James Watt (1736-1819) | -James Watt (1736-1819); Scottish inventer; he developed crucial innovations to make the steam engine efficient, fast, and better able to power machinery. |
| Robert Fulton (1765-1815) | -Robert Fulton (1765-1815); American engineer and inventor; he built the first commercially successful, full-sized steamboat, the clermont, which led to the development of commerical steamboat ferry services for goods and people. |
| Section 2 Factors and Workers | |
| Labor Union | -An organization representing workers' interests. |
| Strike | -A work stoppage. |
| Mass Prodution | -The system of manufacturing large numbers of identical items. |
| Interchangeble Parts | -Identical machine-made parts that can be substitued for each other in manufacturing. |
| Assembly Line | -A mass-Prodution process in which a product is moved forward through many work stations where workers perform specific tasks. |
| Section 3 New Ideas in a New Society | |
| Iaissez-Faire | -A business system where companies are allowed to conduct business without interference by the government. |
| Adam Smith (1723-1790) | -Adam Smith (1723-1790)Scottish economist; he became the leading advocate of laissez faire econmics and is considerd by some to be the "farther of morden econmics". "He wrote the first true text econmics, the wealth of nations, in 1776. |
| Thomas Malthus (1766-1834) | -Thomas Malthus (1766-1834)English econmics and sociologist; his theory that population growth would exceed the growth of food production and that proverty would always exist was used to justify low wages and laws restricting chartiy to the poor. |
| Entrepreneur | -A risk taker who starts a new business within the econmic system of capitalism. |
| Andrew Carnegie (1835-1919) | -Andrew Carnegie (1835-1919) American industrialist and humanitarian; he led the expansion of the U.S. steel industry in the late 1800s and early 1900s. |
| Socialism | -A political and econmic system in which society, usually in the form of the government, owns the means of prodution. |
| Karl Marx (1818-1883) | -Karl Marx (1818-1883) German social philosopher and chief theroist of modern socialism and communism; he declared that as capitalism grew, more and more workers would become improverished and miserable. |
| Communism | -Econmics and political system in which government owns the means of production and controls econmic planning. |
| Standard of living | -A measure of the quality of life. |
Created by:
tobiasmclean
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