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WH 5.1
The Scientific Revolution
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A belief that the earth is the center of the universe. | Geocentric |
| A belief that the sun is the center of the universe. | Heliocentric |
| A method of investigation involving observation and theory to test scientific hypotheses. | Scientific Method |
| A Polish astronomer who proved that the Ptolemaic system was inaccurate, he proposed the theory that the sun, not the earth, was the center of the solar system. | Nicolaus Copernicus |
| Italian astronomer and mathematician who was the first to use a telescope to study the stars. He proved that planets and moons move. | Galileo Galilei |
| English mathematician and scientist who invented differential calculus and formulated the theory of universal gravitation, a theory about the nature of light, and three laws of motion. | Isaac Newton |
| The gravitational force between objects depends on their masses and decreases rapidly as the distance between the objects increase. | Universal Law of Gravitation |
| English philosopher who developed scientific method; believed that instead of relying on the ideas of ancient authorites, scientists should use inductive reasoning to learn about nature; wanted science to benefit industry, agriculture, and trade. | Francis Bacon |
| The division of a central government into two or more branches, each having its own responsibilites and authorities. | Seperation of Powers |
| Idea that government should play as small a role as possible in economic affairs. | Laissez-Faire |
| The notion that society is based on an agreement between government and the governed in which people agree to give up some rights in exchange for the protection of others. | Social Contract |
| English philosopher who advocated the idea of a "social contract" in which government powers are derived from the consent of the governed and in which the government serves the people. | John Locke |
| Enlighenment writer who believed in seperation of powers. | Montesquieu |
| French writer who was the embodiment of 18th century Enlightenment and believed in religious tolerance and freedom of speech. | Voltaire |
| Economist who wrote Wealth of Nations and believed in laissez-faire economics. | Adam Smith |
| A French man who believed that Human beings are naturally good & free & can rely on their instincts. Government should exist to protect common good, and be a democracy. | Jean Jacques Rousseau |
| A system in which rulers tried to govern by Enlightenment principles while maintaining their full royal powers. | Enlightened Absolutism |
| This was the empress of Russia who continued Peter's goal to Westernizing Russia, created a new law code, and greatly expanded Russia. | Catherine the Great |
| A government that divides the powers of government between the national government and state or provincial governments. | Federal System |
| The document approved by representatives of the American colonies in 1776 that stated their grievances against the British monarch and declared their independence. | Declaration of Independence |
| The first ten amendments of the U.S. Constitution, containing a list of individual rights and liberties, such as freedom of speech, religion, and the press. | Bill of Rights |
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