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iGCSE History
CIE iGCSE Modern World History
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| When did WW1 begin? | 1914 |
| Who was the British PM at the Treaty of Versailles? | David Lloyd-George |
| Who was the US President at the Treaty of Versailles? | Woodrow Wilson |
| Who was the French PM at the Treaty of Versailles? | Georges Clemenceau |
| Which area of land did France demand back at Versailles? | Alsace-Lorraine |
| What was the Treaty called between Russia and Germany signed in 1917? | Treaty of Brest-Litovsk |
| What word did Germans use to describe the Treaty of Versailles? | Diktat |
| How many points did Wilson suggest as the basis for ending the war? | 14 |
| What was the agreement to cease fighting in 1914 called? | Armistice |
| What name did Hitler give to the Germans who signed the Treaty of Versailles? | November Criminals |
| Who was the leader of Hungary while Stalin was alive? | Matyas Rakosi |
| When did Khruschev become leader of the USSR? | 1953 |
| Who did Khruschev replace Rakosi with initially? | Erno Gero |
| When was the statue of Stalin pulled down in Budapest? | 23rd October 1956 |
| What did Soviet troops do when Nagy became leader of Hungary? | Withdrew to the borders. |
| What policy of Nagy's upset Khruschev the most? | Withdrawing from the Warsaw Pact |
| What did many members of the Hungarian army do during the uprising? | Defect to the rebel side |
| What did Nagy propose to do domestically in Hungary? | Hold free elections |
| Who did Nagy expect to support his plans? | Eisenhower |
| When did Soviet troops move back into Budapest? | Nov-56 |
| How many Hungarians were killed in the conflict with Soviet forces? | 30000 |
| How many Hungarians fled across the border to Austria while fighting was going on? | 200000 |
| What happened to Nagy? | He was imprisoned and executed |
| How long did it take the Soviet troops to bring Hungary under control? | Two weeks |
| What international event took place in the same year and distracted the west? | Suez Crisis |
| Who did Khruschev install as Nagy's replacement? | Janos Kadar |
| How many anti-communist protesters were arrested in the aftermath of the Hungarian uprising? | 35000 |
| How many anti-communist protesters were executed inthe aftermath of the Hungarian uprising? | 300 |
| In what year was the total amount of the reparations bill decided? | Jan-21 |
| How much was the reparations bill in total | £6600 million |
| How long did the League of Nations take to investigate the Japanese invasion of Manchuria? | 1 year |
| What was the name of the leader of the League's Manchurian investigation? | Lord Lytton (Lytton Commission) |
| When was the Great Depression? | 1929-33 |
| Where did the League have a success in a dispute involving Sweden? | Aaland islands |
| Where did the League have a success in a dispute involving Poland and Germany? | Upper Silesia |
| Where did the League fail in a dispute involving Poland? | Vilna |
| What is the name given to a vote that determines which country an area should be part of? | Plebiscite |
| What was the name of the pact between Britain and France that proposed to give away Abyssinia? | Hoare-Laval Pact |
| Over which incident did Mussolini exercise pressue on the League's Conference of Ambassadors? | Corfu |
| In what year did the Anschluss take place? | 1938 |
| In what year did Hitler first attempt an Anschluss with Austria? | 1934 |
| Why did Hitler fail to achieve Anschluss with Austria in 1934? | Mussolini moved troop to the Italian/Austrian border |
| What was the name given to the extra living space Hitler wanted in the East? | lebensraum |
| What was the area of Czechoslovakia taken from Germany in 1919 called? | Sudetenland |
| How many German speakers lived in the Sudetenland? | 3500000 |
| What useful minerals could Hitler find in Czechoslovakia? | Iron ore (haematite) |
| Which car company also had a large arms manufacturer in Czechoslovakia? | Skoda |
| What was the name for eastern european people? | Slavs |
| At which conference did the allies agree to divide Germany? | Yalta (the decision was confirmed at Potsdam) |
| Who represented Britain at Yalta? | Winston Churchill |
| Who represented the USA at Yalta? | Franklin Roosevelt (FDR) |
| Who represented Britain at Potsdam? | Clement Attlee |
| Who represented the USA at Potsdam? | Harry S Truman |
| Who represented the USSR at Yalta? | Josef Stalin |
| Who represented the USSR at Potsdam? | Josef Stalin |
| At which conference were the borders of Poland established? | Potsdam |
| At which conference was the decision taken to try Nazi war criminals? | Potsdam |
| Where did Churchill deliver his 'Iron Curtain' speech? | Fulton |
| The fall of which country to communism convinced Congress to approve Marshall Aid? | Czechoslovakia |
| What was the name given to the idea that the US would fight to protect countries from internal or external communist threats? | Truman Doctrine |
| In what year did the Berlin Blockade begin? | 1948 |
| What was the British name for the Berlin Airlift? | Operation Vittels |
| With what frequency did planes land in Berlin during the airlift? | Every 90 seconds |
| Who was the leader of East Germany at the time of the building of the Berlin Wall? | Walter Ulbricht |
| How many people crossed from East to West Berlin in the three years before the wall was built? | 500000 |
| What was the name of the place where Soviet and US tanks faced off after the building of the wall? | Checkpoint Charlie |
| What phrase did Kennedy use in a speech in Berlin to show his solidarity with the people of Berlin? | Ich bin Ein Berliner |
| How did Kennedy describe the wall? | A wall is better than a war |
| Who was leader of the USSR at the time of the Prague Spring? | Leonid Brezhnev |
| Who was the leader of Germany during the First World War? | Kaiser Wilhelm II |
| What disease swept through Europe after WW1 killing more people than the war? | Spanish Flu |
| How many widows were left in Germany after WW1? | 600000 |
| How many children were left without father's in Germany after WW1? | 2 million |
| How much of the Weimar government's budget was spent on war pensions in 1925? | One third |
| When did the Kaiser abdicate? | 9th November 1918 |
| Who became the leader of Germany after the Kaiser abdicated? | Friedrich Ebert |
| What system was used to elect members of the Weimar parliament? | Proportional Representation |
| What was the voting age in Weimar Germany? | All adults over 20 |
| Which article of the Constitution gave the President emergency powers? | Article 48 |
| Which article of the Treaty of Versailles made Germany take the blame for starting WW1? | Article 231 |
| Why was Weimar chosen as the location of the new German government? | Berlin was felt to be too volatile |
| Which was the most famous communist group in post war Germany? | The Spartacists |
| Who were the leaders of the Spartacists? | Karl Liebnecht and Rosa Luxemburg |
| What was the name of the right-wing group of ex-soldiers who the government used to suppress communist uprisings? | Freikorps |
| In which state was their a communist take-over in 1918-1919? | Bavaria |
| How many communists were killed by the Freikorps in the suppression of the Bavarian revolt? | 600 |
| How much if its land did Germany lose in the Treaty of Versailles? | 10% |
| How many of Germany's overseas colonies did Germany lose in the Treaty of Versailles? | All of them |
| How much of the German population was lost in the Treaty of Versailles? | 12.50% |
| How much of German's coal reserves were lost in the Treaty of Versailles? | 16% |
| How much of Germany's iron industry was lost in the Treaty of Versailles? | 48% |
| What was the name given to the Treaty if Versailles by its opponents? | The stab in the back |
| Who led the 1920 right-wing rebellion against the Weimar government? | Wolfgang Kapp |
| How many Freikorps were involved in the Kapp Putsch attempt? | 5000 |
| Why was the Kapp Putsch defeated? | Workers in Berlin cllaed a General Strike (Passive Resistance) |
| Where did Hitler attempt to lead a Putsch? | Munich (Bavaria) |
| Who was Ebert's Foreign Minister who was assassinated by extremists in1922? | Walter Rathenau |
| When was the total of the Reparations bill finally announced? | Apr-21 |
| How much were the annual installments Germany had to pay in reparations? | £50 million per year |
| What percentage of Germany's annual economic output was the reparations bill? | 2% |
| In what year did the Germans first fail to pay their reparations bill? | 1922 |
| Which countries invaded the Ruhr in 1923 to claim their reparations in goods? | France and Belgium |
| In what year did the Ruhr invasion occur? | 1923 |
| How did the German government respond to the invasion of the Ruhr? | Passive resistance |
| How many German workers were killed in the Ruhr by the French? | 100+ |
| How did the German government respond to the decline in economic output caused by the passive resistance in the Ruhr? | It printed money. |
| How much did a loaf of bread cost in Berlin by November 1923? | 201 |
| What name is given to when a currency loses its value quickly? | Hyperinflation |
| Who became leader of Germany in August 1923? | Gustav Stresemann |
| What was the name of the currency introduced by Stresemann to replace the worthless marks? | Rentenmark |
| In what year was the Dawes Plan introduced? | 1924 |
| When did Germany join the League of Nations? | Sep-26 |
| When did Germany leave the League of Nations? | October 1933? |
| Who was the most famous director during the Weimar period? | Fritz Lang (Metropolis) |
| Who was the most famous actress during the Weimar period? | Marlene Dietrich |
| What was the name of the architectural style that developed in the Weimar period? | Bauhaus |
| What percentage of the vote did the Nazis win in the 1928 election? | 3% |
| When was the Locarno Treaty signed? | 1925 |
| What financial plan was signed in 1929? | Young Plan |
| What financial plan was signed in 1924? | Dawes Plan |
| What did the Locarno Treaty guarantee? | Germany would respect the Treaty of Versailles borders with France |
| What territory was returned to France by the Treaty of Versailles? | Alsace-Lorraine |
| How far is Cuba from Florida? | 160km |
| What is the US Naval Base in Cuba called? | Guantanamo |
| What was Cuba's main export in the 1960s? | Sugar |
| Who was the US supported dictator of Cuba before 1959? | Batista |
| Who overthrew Batista in 1959? | Fidel Castro |
| Which famous revolutionary supported Castro in his fight against Batista? | Che Guevara |
| When did Castro begin to receive arms and supplies from the USSR? | Summer 1960 |
| Who was the leader of the USSR during the Cuban Missile Crisis? | Khrushchev |
| When had Kennedy become President of the USA? | Jan-61 |
| Which organisation persuaded Kennedy to launch the Bay of Pigs operation? | CIA (Central Intelligence Agency) |
| Who did the CIA use to launch the Bay of Pigs operation? | Cuban exiles who hated Castro |
| When did the USA break off relations with Cuba? | Jan-61 |
| What did Castro think would happen next when the USA broke off relations? | There would be an invasion |
| Where did the 1961 invasion of Cuba land? | The Bay of Pigs |
| When was the Bay of Pigs invasion? | Apr-61 |
| When did the USSR announce officially that it was supplying arms to Cuba? | May-62 |
| How many Soviet technicians were in Cuba to support the weapons programme? | 5000 |
| When did Kennedy warn the USSR about the consequence of supplying nuclear missiles to Cuba? | Sep-62 |
| When did the U2 spy plane reveal details of the nuclear sites in Cuba? | Oct-62 |
| Which cities were brought in range of Soviet nuclear missiles by the Cuban base? | Washington |
| How long would the US have to react to nuclear missiles launched from Cuba? | 10 minutes |
| How many Soviet ships were sailing towards Cuba at the time the missile bases were identified? | 20 |
| What was the name of the group of Special Advisers that Kennedy used in the crisis? | ExComm |
| What tactic did Kennedy employ to stop the Soviet ships reaching Cuba? | A blockade |
| What name did Kennedy give to the blockade of Cuba to avoid it being an act of war? | Quarantine |
| What was the effect of the blockade? | The Soviet ships turned round on October 24th 1962 |
| Why didn't the success of the blockade end the Cuban Missile Crisis? | Work continued on the Soviet bases in Cuba |
| What deal did Khrushchev offer Kennedy in his first letter? | Assurances that Cuba was safe from invasion and the blockade was lifted could lead to negotiations |
| Where did the US have nuclear missiles that threatened the USSR? | Turkey and Italy |
| What was the Soviet justification for sending nuclear missiles to Cuba | They were defensive |
| What underlying reasons did the Soviet Union have for sending nuclear missiles to Cuba? | To test Kennedy |
| What did Khruschev's second letter demand? | The withdrawal of US missiles from Turkey |
| Which event nearly triggered an attack on Cuba on 27th October 1962? | A U2 spy plane was shot down |
| How did Kennedy resolve the crisis? | He accepted the terms of the first letter |
| Why did Khrushchev think Kennedy was weak? | Failure of Bay of Pigs incident |
| When did Khrushchev first meet Kennedy? | At a summit meeting in Vienna |
| What was the period following the Cuban Missile Crisis known as? | Detente or 'The Thaw' |
| What was installed in the Whitehouse and the Kremlin as a result of the crisis? | A telephone hotline so the two leaders could contact each other easily |
| What happened to the US missiles in Turkey? | They were withdrawn in secret by April 1963 as submarine launched missile could now replace them |
| How was the UN involved in the crisis? | UN Weapons Inspectors supervised the removal of the weapons and deconstruction of the bases in Cuba |
| When did the crisis in the Congo begin? | 1960 |
| Which country had owned Congo as a colony until 1960? | Belgium |
| How long did Belgium give Congo to prepare for independence? | 5 months |
| Who was the first Prime Minister of Congo? | Patrice Lumumba |
| Who was the first President of Congo? | Joseph Kasavubu |
| How many Belgians were still living in the Congo when independence came? | 100000 |
| What was the capital of Congo? | Brazzaville |
| Why did the Belgian government send troops back to the Congo? | The army mutinied and began attacking whites |
| Why was the arrival of Belgian troops back in the Congo a problem? | It was illegal under international law as Congo was now an independent country |
| Which mineral rich area of Congo declared its independence after Congo became independent? | Katanga |
| Why was Katanga an important area? | It produced 60% of the world's uranium and 80% of the world's industrial diamonds |
| Who was the leader of the independent state of Katanga? | Moise Tshombe |
| Who backed Tshombe's declaration of independence? | European |
| How did Lumumba deal with Tshombe's declaration of independence? | He appealed to the UN for help |
| How did the UN respond to Lumumba's request for help? | The Security Council approved a force of 10 |
| What were the four tasks of the UN forces in Congo? | Restore law and order and maintain it. Stop other nations from getting involved with the crisis. Assist in building the nation’s economy. Restore political stability. |
| What conditions about the use of force were imposed on the UN forces in the Congo? | Force could only be used in self-defence |
| Where did Tshombe site his new capital city of Katanga? | Elizabethville |
| Who was the Secretary General of the UN at the start of the Congo crisis? | Dag Hammerskjöld |
| Why did Lumumba criticise the UN's involvement in the Congo crisis? | The UN's unwillingness to crush Tshombe was seen by Lumumba as the UN siding with the rich European countries who were supporting Tshombe |
| Who did Lumumba turn to for help when he became disillusioned with the UN? | The USSR |
| How did Khrushchev aid Lumumba during the Congo crisis? | He provided military equipment for an attack on Katanga |
| Why was Lumumba dismissed as Prime Minister of Congo by Kasavubu? | The attack on Katanga failed |
| Who replaced Lumumba as Prime Minister of Congo? | The Head of the Army |
| How did Lumumba respond to being removed as Prime Minister of Congo? | He established a new rival government in Stanleyville in the eastern part of Congo. |
| Why was the League of Nations set up in 1919? | Because Wilson wanted it more than anything else. |
| What Treaty set up the League of Nations | Treaty of Versailles |
| What were the four aims of the League of Nations? | Stop wars |
| What happened when Wilson went back home to America? | The Senate refused to join the League or ratify the Treaty of Versailles |
| Why did the Americans not want to join the League of Nations? | Many Americans were German immigrants and hated the Treaty of Versailles |
| How many countries joined the League of Nations in 1919? | 42 |
| How many members did the League have in the 1930s? | 60 |
| Name three powerful countries which were not members of the League. | USA |
| Why was Russia not a member of the League? | A Communist country |
| Who were the four main members of the League? | Britain |
| Why was Germany not a member of the League? | Not allowed to join by the Treaty of Versailles |
| What four powers did the League have to enforce its decisions? Explain them. | Covenant |
| What did the League NOT have which made it hard for it to enforce its decisions? | Army |
| What were the eight main parts of the League’s organisation? | Secretariat |
| How many times a year did the League’s ‘Assembly’ meet? | once a year |
| What did the ‘Court of International Justice’ do? | settled small disputes |
| How many times a year did the ‘Council’ meet? | 4-5 times a year |
| What did the ‘Health Committee’ of the League do? | tried to improve the health of the people of the world |
| What did the ‘Slavery Committee’ of the League do? | Tried to free all slaves |
| What did the ‘Refugee Committee’ of the League do? | tried to get refugees home |
| What was the job of the Secretariat’? | To organise the work of the committees |
| Which two countries were involved in the Corfu dispute of 1923? | Italy and Greece |
| Who was the leader of Italy? | Mussolini |
| Which two countries were involved in the Bulgaria incident of 1925? | Bulgaria and Greece |
| How many prisoners of war did the League get home? | half a million |
| In which country did the League set up a refugee camp? | Turkey |
| Which two diseases did the League try to destroy? | Leprosy and Malaria |
| How did the League try to say no to drugs? | Closed down 4 Swiss drugs companies |
| Which two countries did the League send economics experts to? | Austria and Hungary |
| How many slaves did the League set free? | 200000 |
| What did the Kellogg-Briand Pact promise in 1928? | To abolish war |
| How did Belgium and France make Germany pay reparations in 1923? | Invaded the Ruhr |
| What did the League try to arrange at its disarmament conference? | All nations to reduce their weapons |
| Why did the Disarmament Conference of 1931 fail? | Hitler demanded equality with the other countries |
| Which country broke the Treaty of Versailles by attacking Russia in 1920? | Poland |
| What did the League’s ‘International Labour Organisation’ try to do? | 48-hour week |
| Which country invaded Manchuria in 1931? | Japan |
| What was the ‘economic depression’ of the 1930s? | Wall Street (the US Stock Market) crashed |
| Why didn’t France and Britain try to force Japan to leave Manchuria? | Did not want to go to war |
| Which country did Italy invade in 1935? | Abyssinia |
| What did Britain and France secretly agree with Italy? | to let Italy have Abyssinia |
| What effect did the League’s failures in Manchuria and Abyssinia have? | Destroyed confidence in it |
| List seven reasons the League failed. | Weakness |
| In what year was the Saar plebiscite? | 1935 |
| What percentage of the population of the Saar voted to rejoing Germany? | 90% |
| In what year did Germany and Britain sign a Naval Agreement? | 1935 |
| In what year was the League of Nations Disarmament Conference? | 1935 |
| How large was Germany's navy allowed to become after the Anglo-German Naval Agreement? | 35% of the size of Britain's navy |
| In what year did Hitler reintroduce Conscription in Germany? | 1936 |
| In what year did Hitler hold a large rally in Nuremburg to show off the rebuilt German military? | 1935 |
| What proportion of German government spending was dedicated to the army in 1936? | 12.40% |
| In what year did Hitler send troops into the Rhineland? | 1936 |
| What two earlier agreements prevented remilitarisation of the Rhineland? | The Treaty of Versailles and the Locarno Treaties of 1925 |
| In what year did France and Russia sign a Mutual Assistance Treaty? | 1936 |
| In what year did Germany join the League of Nations? | 1926 |
| In what year did the USSR join the League of Nations? | 1934 |
| When was the Pact of Steel signed? | 1939 |
Created by:
mrjstacey
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