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Lecture 11
Myocardial Disease, Pericardial Disease
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is Dilated Cardiomyopathy | Biventricular dilation with thin walls enlarged and flabby with eventual 4 chamber dilation |
| What are some secondary causes of dilated cardiomyopathy | Drugs and toxins, Chemotherapy, Preganancy, Metabolic Disorders |
| What are some metabolic Disorders associated with dilated cardiomyopathy | Hyperthyroid, Hypothyroidism, Thiamine deficiency |
| how do people with dilated cardiomyopathy present | dyspnea and fatigue: pulmonary congestion, palpitations, S4 gallop, S3 |
| What is Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy | Left ventricular hypertrophy and often RV hypertrophy increases muscle mass resulting in a hypercontractile heart |
| What are the two main types of hypertrophic cardiomyopathies | Asymmetrical and Symmetrical |
| Where does the thickening in asymmetrical cardiomyopathy occur most often | The basal portion of the ventricular septum |
| How is symmetrical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy different from asymmetric | symmetric is concentric hypertrophy of both venricles with NO LV OUTFLOW OBSTRUCTION |
| Sudden death is common in children and young men with familial forms of this cardiomyopathy | hypertrophic |
| Where do you see endomyocardial fibrosis | in subtropical areas especially equatorial Aftica usually in children and young adults |
| what are the cardiomyopathies classified as the cytoskeletalopathies | Dilated cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, cariocutaneous syndromes |
| what are the cardiomyopathies classified as sarcomyopathy | hypertrophic and restrictive cardiomyopahties |
| what are the cardiomyopathies classified as the channelopathies | long and short QT syndromes, Brugada syndrome, Catecholaminergic polymorphic VT |
| what is Myocarditis | inflammation of the myocardium in which the inflammatory process is not the primary cause of the myocardial injury |
| what is primary myocarditis | when the myocardium is the principle target of the inflammatory process usually infectious |
| what is secondary myocarditis | myocardial inflammation occurs as part of a systemic inflammatory process usually autoimmune or allergic |
| what is the most common pathogenesis of myocarditis | infectious agens are most common (viral most common) |
| what are some viruses that can cause myocarditis | enteroviruses Coxsackie A&B, polio, ECHO, Influenza, CMV, HIV |
| what are some common bacteria that cause myocarditis | corynebacterium, borrelia, rickettsial |
| what are some common immunological causes of myocarditis | SLE, Poststreptococcal (rheumatic fever), radiation, drugs toxicity/hypersensitivity |
| what is primary pericarditis | inflammation involving the pericardium alone (rare) most pericarditis is secondary |
| what is the most common type of pericarditis | fibrinous (bread and butter appearance) |
| When you see Caseous necrosis within the pericardial sac you should think ? until proven otherwise | Tuberculosis |
| what are the two clinical varients of chronic pericarditis | Adhesive and Constrictive Pericarditis |
| what is cardiac tamponade | an often lethal complication of hemopericardium |
| what is the most common primary cardiac tumor | myxoma (90% are atrial with a 4:1 L:R ratio) |
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UVAPATH3
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