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Decline of Feudalism
World History
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Magna Carta | A document that barons (lords) forced King John to sign that limited the power of the king and protected the rights and privileges of nobles. Later it came to be regarded as one of the protectional foundations of people's rights and liberties. |
| Henry II Legal Reforms | 1. Jury had to formally accuse a person of a serious crime 2. Cases were tried before a royal judge. Reforms strengthened the power of royal courts at the expense of the feudal lords. Trial by judges and juries replaced trial by ordeal. |
| Effects of Henry II's Legal Reforms | Led to conflict with the church because the reforms stated that clergy accused of serious crimes had to be tried in royal courts instead of church courts. |
| King John | To finance wars against France, John collected large taxes from his barons and ignored their traditional rights, arresting opponents without cause. He also argued with the church and collected large amounts of money from church properties. |
| Promises King John made in the Magna Carta | He agreed to consult the barons and church officials before imposing special taxes. He also agreed that no free man could be jailed except by lawful judgment of his peers or by the law of the land (habeas corpus) |
| Habeus Corpus | the principle that the accused persons cannot be held in jail without the consent of a court. |
| commoner | a person who is not of noble rank |
| Model Parliament | An effort by the king to involve more people in government. It included commoners, lower-ranking clergy, and church officials and nobles. |
| Impact of Political Developments on Feudalism (1) | Strengthened royal authority at expense of the lords and weakened feudalism by shifting power to common people. Magna Carta established rights that king could not violate and affirmed that kings had to rule with consent of governed. |
| Impact of Political Developments on Feudalism (2) | English common law and role of judges and juries strengthened. Model Parliament gave common people and lords a voice in government. |
| The Black Death | Spread by trade routes by fleas on infected rats. Began in central Asia and brought by boat to Europe. |
| Symptoms of Plague | Coughing, vomiting, sneezing, fever, and large black and blue blotches. |
| Spread of Plague | Fleas on infected rats, dirty living conditions, those who cared for the sick and dying contracted it, as well as those who buried the dead as fleas would jump from victim to victim. |
| Impact of the Plague on Feudalism | 24 million Europeans died. Power shift from nobles to common people because need for workers was high so workers demanded more money and rights. Serfs left manors and moved to cities weakening feudal manor system and power of lords. |
| Hundred Years' War Cause | For control of English owned French fiefs. |
| crossbow | a weapon used by French soldiers that was effective at short ranges. |
| longbow | a large bow used by English soldiers, it was highly accurate and could be used at farther ranges. |
| truce | an agreed upon halt in fighting. |
| English army characteristics at Crecy | Had lightly armored knights. Archers used quick shooting longbows. Some soldiers were commoners who were paid to fight. |
| French Army Characteristics at Crecy | Used a feudal army that relied on heavily armored knights. Used swords, lances, and crossbows which were less accurate and required closer fighting with the enemy. |
| Differences in French army after Crecy | French used more modern tactics like paying soldiers to fight. They had a new sense of nationalism. |
| Nationalism | Extreme patriotism where people felt their country was better than any other country. |
| Joan of Arc | 17 year old peasant girl who claimed that voices of saints urged her to fight to save France. She led an army to victory at Orleans. Eventually captured by England and burned as a heretic. |
| Heretic | a person who holds beliefs that are contrary to the teachings of a church or other group. |
| Impact of 100 Years' War on Feudalism | Shifted power from lords to kings as they began to pay for armies. New weapon technology. New sense of nationalism made commoners more loyal to kings. Common people were needed as soldiers and workers giving them more influence and power. |
Created by:
lstreeby
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