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Medieval Towns
World History
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| domain | the land controlled by a ruler or a lord |
| domain | "This land belongs to me!" |
| charter | a written grant of rights and privileges by a ruler or government to a community, class of people, or organization. |
| charter | a contract between people that states an agreement. A lord would grant part of his land in a contract form to a town. |
| town | a lord would grant a charter (a contract) to a town. The town would then become self-governing because they would elect a city council and mayor. |
| guild | an organization of people in the same trade or craft. Guild members often served on town councils. They also sponsored mystery plays for people's entertainment. |
| apprentice | a person who works for an expert in a trade or craft in return for training. Apprentices often started at the age of 12 and remained in training for 7 years. They could not marry, and lived with a master. The master provided food and lodging. |
| journeyman | a person who has learned a particular trade or craft but has not become an employer or master. Since setting up a business was expensive, a journeyman would often find jobs "by the day". Sometimes they even worked for a master. |
| master | These people were apprentices who had created a masterpiece and were admitted into a guild and they set up their own shop. They had their own apprentices and journeymen who worked for them. |
| commerce | they buying and selling of goods. Associated with money. |
| Jews | These people were prevented from owning land and suffered prejudice. There were laws that made it difficult for them to earn a living. They became bankers and money lenders as laws in the Church forbid Christians to charge interest on loans. |
| characteristics of rich homes | First level of homes had businesses with family quarters on the 2nd level. There was a separate eating and sleeping space, with a space to gather to talk. A 3rd level was used for servants and apprentices. |
| characteristics of poor homes | Several families shared a home. There was one room used for eating, sleeping, cooking, and a business. |
| characteristics of all homes | Rooms were cold, smoky, and dim. The fireplace was the only source of light and heat. Windows were small and covered with oiled parchment, so little light came through. |
| Town life | 1/2 of all children died before adulthood. Children began preparing for adult life at age 7. Few children attended school where they learned to read and write. Wealthy children learned music and art while others worked as apprentices. |
| Society | People of the middle ages liked order (the feudal system demonstrates this), so all knew their place and job. |
| Life of boys | Most boys grew up to do the same work as their fathers. They often became apprentices to their fathers. |
| Life of girls | Girls married around 12 and raised their own children. They were educated at home and learned cooking, cloth making, and other skills necessary to homemaking. |
| leprocy | a skin and nerve disease that causes open sores on the body and can lead to serious complications and death. Attacked the central nervous system. These people were often isolated in leper colonies so they would not infect others. |
| bubonic plague (black death) | a deadly contagious disease caused by bacteria and spread by fleas. Killed millions in Europe during breakouts. |
| common law | a body of rulings made by judges that become part of a nation's legal system. |
| trial by ordeal | a person had to pass a dangerous test (such as being thrown in a well), to prove their innocence. Often the person died in the process of proving their innocence. If proclaimed guilty, people were often maimed in horrible ways. |
| trial by combat | the accused person had to fight to prove their innocence. People believed God would make sure the right party won. Clergy, women, children, and the disabled could name someone to fight for them. |
| Punishment | For lesser crimes people were fined or put in the stocks. For serious crimes (robbery, treason, murder), people were hanged or burned at the stake. Executions were public to deter criminal behavior. |
| minstrel | a singer or musician who sang or recited poems to music played on a harp or other instrument. (modern examples: people who play music in the subway or on the plaza). |
| mystery play | a type of religious drama in the Middle Ages based on stories from the Bible. Often guilds would act out these stories. |
| miracle play | a type of religious drama in the Middle Ages based on stories about saints. They often shows saints performing miracle or wonders. |
| Church view on plays | The church eventually disapproved of both mystery and miracle plays |
Created by:
lstreeby
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