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Ch8 Digestive System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| abdominal computed tomography (CT) | a radiographic procedure that produces a detailed cross-section of the tissue structure within the abdomen |
| abdominal ultrasound | a noninvasive test used to visualize internal organs by using very high frequency sound waves |
| absorption | the process by which completely digested nutrients are transported to the cells throughout the body |
| acid reducers | decrease the amount of acid produced by the stomach |
| acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG) | caused by the abnormal growth of bacteria in the mouth |
| aerophagia | the excessive swallowing of air while eating or drinking, and is a common cause of gas in the stomach |
| amebic dysentery | an intestinal disorder caused by a parasite |
| anabolism | the building up of body cells and substances from nutrients |
| anastomosis | a surgical connection between two hollow or tubular structures |
| anorexia nervosa | an eating disorder characterized by a false perception of body appearance |
| antiemetic | a medication that is administered to prevent or relieve nausea and vomiting |
| aphthous ulcers | grey-white pits with a red border in the soft tissues lining the mouth; also known as canker sores or mouth ulcers |
| ascites | an abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity |
| bariatrics | the branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and control of obesity and associated diseases |
| borborygmus | the rumbling noise caused by the movement of gas in the intestine |
| botulism | food poisoning characterized by paralysis and often death; caused by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum |
| bulimia nervosa | an eating disorder characterized by frequent episodes of binge eating followed by inappropriate compensatory behaviors such as self-induced vomiting |
| cachexia | a condition of physical wasting away due to the loss of weight and muscle mass that occurs in patients with diseases such as advanced cancer or AIDS |
| cheilosis | a disorder of the lips characterized by crack-like sores at the corners of the mouth |
| cholangiography | a radiographic examination of the bile ducts with the use of a contrast medium |
| cholangitis | an acute infection of the bile duct |
| cholecystectomy | the surgical removal of the gallbladder |
| cholecystitis | inflammation of the gallbladder; usually associated with gallstones |
| choledocholithotomy | an incision into the common bile duct for the removal of gallstones |
| cholelithiasis | the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder or bile ducts |
| cholera | severe diarrhea, vomiting, and dehydration caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholera |
| cirrhosis | a progressive degenerative disease of the liver |
| colonoscopy | the direct visual examination of the inner surface of the entire colon from the rectum to the cecum |
| Crohn's disease | a chronic autoimmune disorder that is most often found in the ileum and in the colon |
| diverticulitis | the inflammation of one or more diverticula in the colon |
| diverticulosis | the presence of a number of diverticula in the colon |
| dyspepsia | pain or discomfort in digestion; also known as indigestion |
| dysphagia | difficulty in swallowing |
| emesis | the reflex ejection of the stomach contents through the mouth; also known as vomiting |
| enteritis | an inflammation of the small intestine caused by eating or drinking substances contaminated with viral and bacterial pathogens |
| eructation | the act of belching or raising gas orally from the stomach |
| esophageal varices | enlarged and swollen veins at the lower end of the esophagus |
| esophagogastroduodenoscopy | an endoscopic examination of the esophagus, stomach, and upper duodenum |
| gastroduodenostomy | the removal of the pylorus of the stomach and the establishment of an anastomosis between the upper portion of the stomach and the duodenum |
| gastroesophageal reflux disease | the upward flow of acid from the stomach into the esophagus |
| gastrostomy tube | a surgically placed feeding tube from the exterior of the body into the stomach |
| hematemesis | vomiting blood |
| hemoccult test | a lab test for hidden blood in the stools |
| hepatitis | an inflammation of the liver |
| herpes labialis | blister-like sores on the lips and adjacent facial tissue that are caused by the oral herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1); also known as cold sores or fever blisters |
| hiatal hernia | a condition in which a portion of the stomach protrudes upward into the chest, through an opening in the diaphragm |
| hyperemesis | extreme, persistent vomiting that can cause dehydration |
| ileus | the partial or complete blockage of the small and/or large intestine |
| inguinal hernia | the protrusion of a small loop of bowel through a weak place in the lower abdominal wall or groin |
| jaundice | a yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and the eyes |
| melena | the passage of black, tarry, and foul-smelling stools |
| morbid obesity | the condition of weighing two to three times, or more, than the ideal weight; also known as clinically severe obesity |
| nasogastric intubation | the placementof a feeding tube through the nose and into the stomach |
| obesity | an excessive accumulation of fat in the body |
| periodontium | consists of the bone and soft tissues that surround and support the teeth |
| peristalsis | a series of wave-like contractions of the smooth muscles in a single direction |
| proctopexy | the surgical fixation of a prolapsed rectum to an adjacent tissue or organ |
| regurgitation | the return of swallowed food into the mouth |
| salmonellosis | an infectious disease of the intestines that is transmitted by food contaminated with feces |
| sigmoidoscopy | the endoscopic examination of the interior of the rectum, sigmoid colon, and possibly a portion of the descending colon |
| stomatorrhagia | bleeding from any part of the mouth |
| trismus | any restriction to the opening of the mouth caused by trauma, surgery, or radiation associated with the treatment of oral cancer |
| ulcerative colitis | a chronic condition of unknown cause in which repeated episodes of inflammation in the rectum and large intestine cause ulcers and irritation |
| volvulus | the twisting of the intestine on itself that causes an obstruction |
| xerostomia | the lack of adequate saliva due to diminished secretions by the salivary glands; also known as dry mouth |
Created by:
jtrejos
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